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Use of unpublished data on total suspended particles in the CR measured during the 1970s and 1980s as an invaluable information and comparative material to current measurements
Pavlovicová, Martina ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
Air pollution of atmospheric aerosol is one of the biggest problems across Europe nowadays. The atmospheric aerosol is natural part of Earth's atmosphere that significantly participates in important atmospheric activities. The late 1960s of 20 century, however, air pollution by anthropogenic activities is gets into the minds, which caused the first aerosol load associated with the development of mining activities and industry. The first cases of increased incidence of allergies and respiratory diseases in children were discovered. At that time, the first arrangements to improve the unfavorable situation and also the first measurements of concentration of particulate matter in ČSSR were initiated. During 1970s and 1980s of the last century, concentration of particulate matter was measured in more than 100 stations. Particulate matter was measured as total suspended particulates (TSP) in the air. This bachelor thesis describes four areas of interest in ČSSR, which were affected by particulate matter pollution during mentioned years the most. They are Ostrava-Karviná region, North Bohemia, Brno agglomeration and Hradec Králové and Pardubice region. In my bachelor thesis I dealt with the transfer values of particulate matter concentrations to values of PM10 and PM2,5 concentrations. The main goal of...
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Characterization of coarse atmospheric aerol in urban environment
Granici, Olga ; Zíková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee)
(EN) This Diploma Thesis is concerned with statistical analysis of coarse aerosol at the area of the capital city Prague with focus on its time and space variability. The data covers time period from year 2005 up to year 2010 included. The concentrations of coarse aerosol were originally calculated from recorded values of PM10 a PM2,5. The assessment used in this thesis is based on concentrations of coarse aerosol recorded on four pollutant stations which are localized in the capital city. Three out of four those air pollution monitoring stations are characterized as traffic stations kind of purse, where we can assume the traffic's impact over the coarse aerosol concentration. The last station is distinguished to be background to report the data of region less loaded by pollution. The analysis is executed within particular parameters supposing that main source of coarse aerosol is traffic in urban environment. For time period examination variability the year, season, week and day running was carried out. The spatial variability was researched by the air pollution monitoring stations localization. To determine a rate of dependency among particular parameters the correlation analysis according to Spearman was used within the calculation of correlation coefficients. Beside the analysis this thesis...
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Fog as a factor contributing to the total atmospheric deposition
Samcová, Anna ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
This paper is a research of scientific literature. Its objective is to evaluate the impact of fog on the total amount of substances entering ecosystems through the atmospheric deposition process. It summarizes the division of different kinds of fog, its occurrence and basic information about its chemistry. Atmospheric deposition is a process in which substances are transported from the atmosphere to Earth's surface. There is a wet deposition type as well as a dry one. The wet atmospheric deposition is then divided into vertical and horizontal. The influence of the wet atmospheric deposition depends on the altitude. From the elevation of 800 meters above the sea level there is a significant increase in the horizontal component of the atmospheric deposition (e.g. a fog). There are several different kinds of fog that are divided according to diverse criteria. For example depending of their origin, the inside visibility or their duration. Fog is commonly found in places with large humidity. In the Czech Republic region the ion contribution of fog to atmospheric definition is quite underrated. Most common ions in the fog deposition are SO4 2- , NO3 - and NH4 + . These easily become a condensation core for droplets. Atmospheric deposition in total is calculated as the sum of wet and dry vertical...
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Evaluation of air pollution in dependence on operation of centralized heating systems
Čejková, Eliška ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee)
1 ABSTRACT This bachelor work deals with some environmental aspects of disintegration of traditional centralized heating systems in the Czech Republic. This situation is shown on a particular case of centralized heating supply in a housing estate in town Kroměříž. This centralized heating system has been quickly disintegrating and it is close to its dissolution due to disconnection of customers who has been building their own local household gas boiler plants. The bachelor work calculates the consumption of natural gas for both ways of heating. It is calculated by using the amount of heat energy required for heating of all buildings, including domestic hot water and the average efficiency of these production methods. This work also calculates the amount of emissions NOx (nitrogen oxides) expressed as NO2 (nitrogen dioxid) which are producted by each type of heating. The amount of NO2 is calculated by using emission factor which is obtained from authorized measuring system. One part of this work also deals with nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. Another important part of the bachelor work is about a basic dispersion analysis (study) - dispersion model of pollutant (nitrogen oxides) around the source/sources. One chapter compares the environmental impacts of central and local way of heating from the viewpoint...
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Open mines and ambient air pollution around Tusimice
Müllerová, Eliška ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Opluštil, Stanislav (referee)
This Bachelor's Thesis is a literature research. The aim of the thesis is the evaluation of information of the mine Nástup Tušimice from a geological point of view, such as mineralogy, palaeontology, archaeology, as well as from a technological point of view, such as mining technology, sampling and dustiness in the working environment. Further I carried out a chemical and petrographical analysis of of brown coal samples which were taken from the mine Libouš. The next purpose is the evaluation of the polution of the air from the point of view of an improving or decreasing quality of the air from the past to the present. Keywords: geology, technology, dust, coal, air pollution, chemical and petrographical analysis
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Trends in sulphur and nitrogen occult deposition across the Northern Hemisphere
Švorc, Daniel ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of my bachelor thesis is to collect data of concentrations and depositions of sulfur and nitrogen from occult precipitation, using the research of available scientific publications. Through atmospheric deposition are pollutants from air transported into other environmental spheres. It has two main components: dry (which takes place mainly by gravitational processes and its ongoing) and wet (which takes place in the presence of precipitations). Wet component consist of vertical and occult parts, representing the types of precipitations. Establishing total wet deposition encounter a problem in establishing a occult deposition. Problem is, in particular, setting of deposition flux, for which it is necessary to determinate a number of parameters. A considerable part of studies, therefore, do not examine the deposition itself, because of complexity of assessment, but examines chemical composition of fog, low clouds and rime, which is proportionally related to values of occult deposition. Most studies were examining from occult precipitation a fog, especially at higher altitudes, where due to the more frequent occurrence, significant contribute to the total atmospheric wet deposition. Occult precipitations are in longer contact with vegetation, and unlike the rainfall, are surrounded whole leaf,...
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Analysis of air pollution in Ostrava: operation of industrial enterprises
Pěčka, Petr ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
Air pollution is one of the major environmental issues. It can cause adverse health effects such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and high mortality rates. High population density is a huge contributory factor of air pollution in cities and urbanized areas. The third biggest city of the Czech Republic, Ostrava the subject of this thesis, is one of the most densely polluted areas of the country. The main air pollutants of concern are suspended particles and poly aromatic hydrocarbons. Ostrava's high proportion of heavy industry is a major source of air pollution compared to the rest of the Czech Republic. Other sources of air pollution are transport, local heating and possibly a pollution transfer from a neighboring industrial region in Poland. This thesis deals mainly with long term time series, including air pollutants (PM10, SO2, NOx), and meteorological variables. Information about the opening and closing of industrial plants can be considered as an added value to this work. The purpose of this data thesis is to compare the concentration levels before and after the closing or opening of particular industrial plants in the city of Ostrava during the last 35 years. So far no one has utilized these data sets for comprehensive analyses. Key words: Urban area, Emission, PM10, SO2, Industry
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Concentration measurements of surface ozone during the second half of the 19th century
Knappová, Magdaléna ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
Ground level ozone is a substance that significantly accounts for air pollution. The level of ozone was measured at more than 300 places worldwide as early as in the second half of the 19th century. Almost all measurements used Schӧnbein method which is based on a reaction of potassium iodide with ozone. This method is, however, influenced by many factors, most importantly the relative humidity, that must be taken into account to compare earlier and present-day values. The conversion is based on so called Linville graph which indicates the dependency of concentration of ground level ozone on relative humidity. The thesis is concerned with conversion of values of ozone measured in Clementinum in Prague between years 1854-1868. The results indicate that average year values ranged from 4 to 8 ppb. The values were thus almost four times smaller than the present-day ones. The findings are in accord with the recent observations concluding that the level of ozone has been increasing.
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Personal exposure to PM10 of selected workplaces in a coal strip mine determined by experiment
Basslerová, Barbora ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee)
This thesis compares the experimentally determinated values of PM1, PM2,5, respirable fraction and PM10 between the cab drivers and the outdoor walkway of the bucket wheel excavator in the brown coal strip mine Doly Nástup Tušimice between March 16 and March 23, 2015. For the measurement of individual fractions, portable laser nephelometers were used. Superiority of coarse aerosol was confirmed outside from the total measurement time accounted for 82 %. PM10 fraction predominated outside and changed throughout the day depending on the activity carried out by a worker. Regular cleaning by sweeping stretches of dunes had an impact on PM10 concentrations. Fluctuations in the concentration of PM1 were detected in the driver cab due to smokers stay at this workplace. For these reasons there is a concentration difference between work shifts. Air temperature and relative humidity were also monitored in both types of work places. The air temperature average values reached over the range recommended for the optimal working environment in the driver cab. The thesis finds out personal exposure of a bucket-wheel excavator driver which is below the limit for the total concentration. Smaller fractions appears to be a potentially health risk. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The role of exposure assessment in development of risk reduction strategies for air quality
Bartoňová, Alena ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee) ; Holcátová, Ivana (referee)
The relationship between deteriorated outdoor air quality and human health is one of the most studied environmental health issues. The concept of exposure, the link between environmental status and human health, has emerged in the late 1970's, recognizing that fixed monitoring stations do not represent concentrations at the places where persons spend time. Many advances have been made since. Characterizing the individual's exposure reduces uncertainty in links with health, but it implies a question about how exposure (as opposed to directly using concentrations) can be used in the regulatory process. This thesis addresses exposure assessment from several perspectives, with the aim to address its role in air quality management. We are interested in how to use exposure information for policy- and decision making, we investigate if a European-level subgroup-based exposure estimate can provide useful information for designing differentiated measures to protect specific groups, we design an exposure estimate for risk assessment in a specific situation with limited health and air pollution data, and we describe the challenges of the inherent inter-disciplinarity and suggest how to deal with them. We introduce the "full chain" approach to environmental health that links policy - pollution source -...
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