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Determinants of Financial Inclusion in Africa and OECD Countries
Kočenda, Evžen ; Eshun, S. F.
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been identified as one of the least financially inclusive regions in the world with a huge disparity in comparison to highly financially inclusive regions. Using a dynamic panel data analysis, we explore the factors influencing financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using countries belonging to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as a benchmark. We employ the System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator and assess 31 SSA and 38 OECD countries from 2000-2021. We show that the differences in trade openness, banks' efficiency, income, and remittances are some macro-level factors that explain the variation in financial inclusion levels. We highlight the importance of quality literacy policies, trade improvement with restrictions on cross-border capital flows, and a more efficient financial system to promote financial inclusion.
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The Impact of Sanctions on International Trade during 1995-2020: An Empirical Analysis
Symerská, Pavlína ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Eshun, Samuel Fiifi (referee)
Since economic sanctions became over the history a tremendously popular inter- national policy tool and the level of worldwide integration gradually increases, this thesis investigates the impact of trade sanctions implemented sharply be- tween 1995 and 2020 on bilateral trade flow. The empirical analysis was pro- vided through a gravity model, the OLS with fixed effects and the PPML, and sourced the information from the Global Sanction Database (volume 3) and from the CEPII Gravity Database. The results indicate not only a strong ef- fect during the implementation period, but its significant duration up to four years after the lift. Concluding remarks from this thesis might be valuable espe- cially for policymakers when deciding upon the most appropriate international provisions. JEL Classification F14, F18, F51, F60, N40 Keywords trade sanctions; exports; trade; the GSDB Title The Impact of Sanctions on International Trade during 1995-2020: An Empirical Analysis Author's e-mail 31052687@fsv.cuni.cz Supervisor's e-mail vilem.semerak@fsv.cuni.cz
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