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Determination of Fracture Mechanical Characteristics From Sub-Size Specimens
Stratil, Luděk ; Džugan, Jan (referee) ; Haušild, Petr (referee) ; Dlouhý, Ivo (advisor)
The standards of fracture toughness determination prescribe size requirements for size of test specimens. In cases of limited amount of test material miniature test specimens offer one from the possibilities of fracture toughness evaluation. Because of small loaded volumes in these specimens at the crack tip the loss of constraint occur affecting measured values of fracture toughness. In such cases the size requirements for valid fracture toughness characteristics determination are not fulfilled. These specimens can be even on limits of load range of test devices and handle manipulation by their small dimensions. The important task related to these specimens is, apart from methodology of their preparation and measurement of deformations, the interpretation of measured values of fracture toughness and their possible correction to standard test specimens. Moreover, in the upper shelf region of fracture toughness quantification and interpretation of size effects is still not resolved sufficiently. This thesis is by its aims experimentally computational study focused on evaluation of size effect on fracture toughness in the upper shelf region. The size effect was quantified by testing of miniature and large specimens’ sizes in order to determine J R curves. Two geometries of miniature test specimens, there point bend specimen and CT specimen, were used. The experimental materials were advanced steels developed for applications in nuclear and power industry, Eurofer97 steel and ODS steel MA956. Finite elements analyses of realized tests together with application of micromechanical model of ductile fracture were carried out in order to evaluate stress strain fields at the crack tip in tested specimens from Eurofer97 steel. By comparison of experimental results and numerical simulations of J R curves the mutual dependencies between geometry of specimens and element sizes at the crack tip were derived. On the basis of acquired relationships, the methodology of J R curve prediction for standard specimen size from limited amount of test material was proposed. Main contribution of thesis is description of effect of material’s fracture toughness level on resistance against ductile crack propagation in miniature specimens. For material where significant crack growth occurs after exceeding the limit values of J integral (Eurofer97), the loss of constraint is considerable and highly decreases resistance against tearing. Miniature specimens then show significantly lower J R curves in comparison with standard size specimens. This effect is the opposite to the behaviour of miniature specimens in transition region. In case of material with low toughness, in which significant crack growth occurs in the region of J integral validity (ODS MA956), the effect of constraint loss is small without large impact on resistance against tearing. In such case miniature specimens demonstrate comparable J R curves as specimens of larger sizes. Next important contribution is proposed methodology for prediction of J R curve from small amount of test material using micromechanical modeling.
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Implementation of a plasticity model with advanced kinematic hardening rule for additively manufactured materials
Marek, René ; Parma, Slavomír ; Gabriel, Dušan ; Džugan, J.
Tato zpráva shrnuje postup prací na dílčím projektu DP 04_01_NPO “Emission-free technologies for local energy sources replacement” zahrnující vývoj modelů pro popis chování multi-materiálových 3D tištěných struktur řešený v konsorciu COMTES FHT, a.s., Ústav termomechaniky AV ČR, v.v.i. a PROINNO, a.s. Cílem projektu je vývoj materiálových modelů popisujících chování multi-materiálových komponent deponovaných metodou přímé depozice (DED) pří víceosém cyklickém zatěžování. \nVe zprávě je sestaven a použit model plasticity vhodný pro materiály připravené metodou aditivní výroby. Model využívá Hillovu podmínku plasticity, pokročilý vícesložkový model kinematického zpevnění a model isotropního zpevnění. Je zvolen asociovaný zákon tečení a implementace předpokládá teorii malých deformací. Pro zvolený model jsou uvedeny a diskutovány všechny konstitutivní vztahy a model je tak plně a jednoznačně formulován. Model je analyticky integrován pro speciální případ zatěžování a speciální volbu parametrů podmínky plasticity, konkrétně příčnou isotropii. Je prezentováno diskretizační schema pro numerickou integraci a procedury pro MKP implementaci modelu. U MKP implementace se předpokládá formulace v poli posunutí, konkrétně je pak cíleno na MKP řešič Abaqus a implementaci modelu pomocí rozhraní UMAT. Je prezentováno několik příkladů odezvy modelu na monotónní, jednoosé a víceosé cycklické zatěžovací trajektorie.\n
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Determination of Fracture Mechanical Characteristics From Sub-Size Specimens
Stratil, Luděk ; Džugan, Jan (referee) ; Haušild, Petr (referee) ; Dlouhý, Ivo (advisor)
The standards of fracture toughness determination prescribe size requirements for size of test specimens. In cases of limited amount of test material miniature test specimens offer one from the possibilities of fracture toughness evaluation. Because of small loaded volumes in these specimens at the crack tip the loss of constraint occur affecting measured values of fracture toughness. In such cases the size requirements for valid fracture toughness characteristics determination are not fulfilled. These specimens can be even on limits of load range of test devices and handle manipulation by their small dimensions. The important task related to these specimens is, apart from methodology of their preparation and measurement of deformations, the interpretation of measured values of fracture toughness and their possible correction to standard test specimens. Moreover, in the upper shelf region of fracture toughness quantification and interpretation of size effects is still not resolved sufficiently. This thesis is by its aims experimentally computational study focused on evaluation of size effect on fracture toughness in the upper shelf region. The size effect was quantified by testing of miniature and large specimens’ sizes in order to determine J R curves. Two geometries of miniature test specimens, there point bend specimen and CT specimen, were used. The experimental materials were advanced steels developed for applications in nuclear and power industry, Eurofer97 steel and ODS steel MA956. Finite elements analyses of realized tests together with application of micromechanical model of ductile fracture were carried out in order to evaluate stress strain fields at the crack tip in tested specimens from Eurofer97 steel. By comparison of experimental results and numerical simulations of J R curves the mutual dependencies between geometry of specimens and element sizes at the crack tip were derived. On the basis of acquired relationships, the methodology of J R curve prediction for standard specimen size from limited amount of test material was proposed. Main contribution of thesis is description of effect of material’s fracture toughness level on resistance against ductile crack propagation in miniature specimens. For material where significant crack growth occurs after exceeding the limit values of J integral (Eurofer97), the loss of constraint is considerable and highly decreases resistance against tearing. Miniature specimens then show significantly lower J R curves in comparison with standard size specimens. This effect is the opposite to the behaviour of miniature specimens in transition region. In case of material with low toughness, in which significant crack growth occurs in the region of J integral validity (ODS MA956), the effect of constraint loss is small without large impact on resistance against tearing. In such case miniature specimens demonstrate comparable J R curves as specimens of larger sizes. Next important contribution is proposed methodology for prediction of J R curve from small amount of test material using micromechanical modeling.
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