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Principle of fairness as the foundation of political obligation
Cíbik, Matěj ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Chotaš, Jiří (referee)
This paper is (as its title may indicate) trying to cope with a problem of political obligation, which we deem to be at the very centre of political thought. The history of philosophy has proven that coming up with an indepedent reasoning for the acceptance of a state, its institutions and its legal system is no easy task. We think that "traditional approaches," as we may call them, to the problem of political obligation inevitably fail for various reasons. With this background, we examine the principle of fairness, as an alternative and relatively new approach, and try to establish whether it can withstand a fire of critical scrutiny that has been brought upon it. First, we introduce and reconstruct it from works of John Rawls and George Klosko, and then we scrutinize the critical arguments brought by R. P. Wolff, Robert Nozick and M.B. A. Smith. The ultimate result of our investigation is that we really can hold the principle of fairness as the general foundation of political obligation, at least when we accept some presuppositions about moral theory, because arguments for it are, in the final analysis, sound.
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Human rights and equality
Kalous, Jiří ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Cíbik, Matej (referee)
Problem of the conception of good in John Rawls's theory of justice Řešitel: Jiří Kalous Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Jakub Jirsa, Ph.D. Abstract A Theory of Justice written by John Rawls is one of the most influential books concerning distributive justice which were written in political philosophy during the twentieth century and as such it has raised a lot of critical reactions since its publication. Conception of the good held by Rawls, which is crucial for accepting the whole theory of justice as fairness, has a prominent postition among disputable places of the theory. Thomas Nagel was one of the philosophers who pointed out this possible controversy. This thesis critically evaluates Nagel's argumentation and examines degree of its relevancy.
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Philosophical Justification of Human Rights: Komárková - Trojan - Hejdánek
Hančarová, Tereza ; Cíbik, Matej (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee)
The topic of this thesis is an examination of the issue of the justification of human rights from the perspective of three Czech thinkers: Božena Komárková, Jakub S. Trojan and Ladislav Hejdánek. While Komárková and Trojan choose a theological approach, Hejdánek prefers a purely philosophical method. With regards to their differing perspectives, the thesis asks several key questions: To what extent did Christianity affect human rights? Are human rights natural? How and how narrow is the interconnection between the conceptions of human rights, freedom, truth, justice and responsibility? The answers to these questions come mainly from a comparison of the concepts of the chosen thinkers. Although each of them chose a different method and held different views, they, interestingly, more or less agree in their answers to the questions asked. All three thinkers agreed that Christianity is an integral part of the origin and the development of the idea of human rights. In the same way, they all agreed on a critical attitude towards natural rights - although different considerations led them to this conclusion. Special attention is dedicated to how the given authors understood the concept of truth and how they included it in their conceptions of human rights and their justification. There is a parallel...
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Liberal perfectionism as a stabilizing aspect of democracy
Dyčková, Alžběta ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Cíbik, Matej (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to argue for compatibility of liberal perfectionist political theory with liberal-democratic system and sketch desirable consequences of liberal- perfectionistic policies in practice. It is divided into three main parts. The first one presents the perfectionistic theory and tries to clearly define ethical, political and liberal perfectionism. The second part argues for compatibility of liberal- perfectionistic theory with democratic practices through referring to intrinsic contradiction of principle of state neutrality as presented by John Rawls. The last part presents considerations about liberal-perfectionist practice, mainly in civic education, and its possible applications for weakening of populism.
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A defence of Mill's principle of liberty in terms of utilitarianism
Nečas, Michael ; Hill, James (advisor) ; Cíbik, Matej (referee)
A defence of Mill's principle of liberty in terms of utilitarianism Michael Nečas Abstract The main focus of this Bachelor thesis is the problem of Mill's principle of liberty in terms of his utilitarianism. The thesis introduces Mill's utilitarianism and his teachigs about liberty. The aim of this thesis is to present an argument, that Mill's principle of liberty is not contradictory to principle of utility, as the author defines it in his utilitarianism. The aim is to show, that the principle of liberty, as Mill describes it in his work On liberty, is an indispensable element in the utilitarian theory of achieving greatest possible good in society. The thesis also explores counterarguments to this idea. Keywords: Mill, Utilitarianism, On Liberty, principle of utility, principle of liberty, freedom of action, pleasure
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Liberalism and its justification in contemporary political philosophy
Cíbik, Matej ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Chotaš, Jiří (referee) ; Moural, Josef (referee)
This thesis attempts to answer one basic question: what we can philosophically say to justify liberalism as a mode of political existence of society. It is divided into three parts. In the first one, I critically survey two popular answers to this question, employing the concepts of self- ownership and value pluralism respectively. I argue that both of them are inadequate and unsatisfactory, mostly because they operate with a conception of person that is too thin for the justificatory task. In the second part, I develop an interpretation of John Rawls and the conception of person he uses. I argue that this conception is crucial with regards to his answer to my question, yet that he provides only a limited and in the final analysis unpersuasive justification for it. The third part tries to remedy the deficiencies of Rawlsian liberalism by providing a better argumentative support for his conception of person and developing from it two arguments aiming to justify liberalism as a mode of political existence of society Key words Liberalism - John Rawls - Pluralism - Conception of person
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Human rights and equality
Kalous, Jiří ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Cíbik, Matej (referee)
Problem of the conception of good in John Rawls's theory of justice Řešitel: Jiří Kalous Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Jakub Jirsa, Ph.D. Abstract A Theory of Justice written by John Rawls is one of the most influential books concerning distributive justice which were written in political philosophy during the twentieth century and as such it has raised a lot of critical reactions since its publication. Conception of the good held by Rawls, which is crucial for accepting the whole theory of justice as fairness, has a prominent postition among disputable places of the theory. Thomas Nagel was one of the philosophers who pointed out this possible controversy. This thesis critically evaluates Nagel's argumentation and examines degree of its relevancy.
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Principle of fairness as the foundation of political obligation
Cíbik, Matěj ; Chotaš, Jiří (referee) ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor)
This paper is (as its title may indicate) trying to cope with a problem of political obligation, which we deem to be at the very centre of political thought. The history of philosophy has proven that coming up with an indepedent reasoning for the acceptance of a state, its institutions and its legal system is no easy task. We think that "traditional approaches," as we may call them, to the problem of political obligation inevitably fail for various reasons. With this background, we examine the principle of fairness, as an alternative and relatively new approach, and try to establish whether it can withstand a fire of critical scrutiny that has been brought upon it. First, we introduce and reconstruct it from works of John Rawls and George Klosko, and then we scrutinize the critical arguments brought by R. P. Wolff, Robert Nozick and M.B. A. Smith. The ultimate result of our investigation is that we really can hold the principle of fairness as the general foundation of political obligation, at least when we accept some presuppositions about moral theory, because arguments for it are, in the final analysis, sound.
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