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Molecular mechanisms linking adipose tissue dysfunction and atherosclerotic complications
Kratochvílová, Helena ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Bužga, Marek (referee) ; Cibičková, Ľubica (referee)
Obesity and its associated comorbidities increase the risk of mortality. The development of subclinical inflammation associated with obesity also plays a significant role in this. In our work, we focused on changes in the endocrine and mitochondrial function of adipose tissue and their relationship to cardiovascular complications. The first part of the thesis focuses on determining the expression of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum genes in epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue, intercostal muscle or right myocardial atrium in patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Patients with coronary artery disease had reduced expression of several mitochondrial chain genes in epicardial adipose tissue compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue and other tissues, while no change in endoplasmic reticulum gene expression in the above-mentioned tissues has been demonstrated. Based on decreased mitochondrial gene expression in patients with coronary artery disease, we conclude that mitochondrial dysfunction of epicardial adipose tissue may contribute to the development of coronary atherosclerosis. The second part of the thesis is focused on neudesin, new potentional regulator of energy metabolism, in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who underwent various weight reduction...
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Evaluation of Selected Biochemical Markers of Metabolic Syndrome and Adipose Tissue After Bariatric Surgery
Horká, Veronika ; Bužga, Marek (advisor) ; Holéczy, Pavol (referee)
The diploma thesis deals the problematics of weight reduction with the using of bariatric- metabolic surgery and focuses on the changing risk components of the metabolic syndrome during one year long observation of 45 probands who have undergone Partial Jejuno-Ileal Diversion, Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy or Laparoscopic Gastric Plication. The main aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the changing risk components of the metabolic syndrome during weight reduction after undergoing bariatric surgery. The thesis shows that in the studied sample of bariatric patients it is an effective method of weight reduction (in PJID the success rate was 48 % EWL, in LGCP 51 % EWL and the most successful was LSG with 76 % EWL) with metabolic effect such as for example observed positive changes in risk components of the metabolic syndrome - reduction of morning glucose levels, increase of HDL cholesterol and decrease of triacylglycerols in the blood, decrease of waist circumferences and decrease of blood pressure or elimination of metabolic syndrome. Up to 68.9 % of the monitored probands showed signs of metabolic syndrome when evaluating the initial measurement before bariatric surgery, the remaining 22.2 % of the probands showed the signs after the year's observation. As part of the risk assessment for the...
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Molecular mechanisms of metabolic syndrome with focus on new hormones produced by adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle
Kloučková, Jana ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Šenolt, Ladislav (referee) ; Bužga, Marek (referee)
1 Abstract The cluster of obesity, insulin resistance and other associated comorbidities represents a significant health risk for the affected individuals as well as the whole population. Chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue is considered one of the main mechanisms respon- sible for the progression from simple obesity to a fully developed metabolic syndrome. The aim of our study was to explore two different approaches that could potentially ameliorate adipose tissue inflammation - therapeutic hypothermia and the adipocytokine clusterin. In the first part, we showed that a period of deep hypothermia associated with the an- oxic phase of cardiac surgery significantly delayed the onset of systemic inflammatory re- sponse induced by surgery. The relative gene expression of the studied genes was not altered during the hypothermic period, but was significantly increased in five out of ten studied genes (IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, HIF1-α, GLUT1) and decreased in two genes (IRS1, GPX1) at the end of surgery. We conclude that deep hypothermia delays the onset of local adipose tissue hy- poxia and inflammation. These results could partially explain the positive effects of therapeu- tic deep hypothermia on postoperative morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery patients. In the second part, we examined plasma...
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