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The influence of humic acids methylation on the interaction of surface active agents
Bělušová, Anna ; Weidlich, Tomáš (referee) ; Smilek, Jiří (advisor)
The presented diploma thesis deals with the study of interactions between humic acids as the main component of soil organic matter with a model organic pollutant presented by cationic surfactant Septonex (which was expected to interact positively with humic acids due to its charge) through unconventional combination of dialysis and diffusion techniques realized in diffusion cells together with isothermal titration calorimetry capable of elucidating the nature of ongoing reactions from a thermodynamic point of view. The experiments were performed with a humic acid isolated by standard isolation procedure from Leonardite (1S104H) purchased from the International Society for Humic Substances, with humic acids isolated from lignite as well as modal chernozem. The aim of the submited diploma thesis is to assess the influence of carboxyl functional groups in the structure of humic acids to interactions with Septonex. For this reason, said samples of humic acids have been modified by selective methylation of their carboxyl functional groups, which can no longer participate in interactions with ionic substances. Results from diffusion cells and isothermal titration calorimetry confirmed the assumption that Septonex interacted with all types of unmodified humic acids more than with their methylated derivatives. Despite the available literature, it was surprising that the differences in the interaction of humic acids with Septonex were not diametrically different when comparing unmodified humic acids with their methylated derivatives. The extent of these interactions was assessed through the apparent equilibrium constant Kapp determined in the diffusion (dialysis) experiments and from the course of enthalpy curves from isothermal titration calorimetry. After the experiments and their evaluation, it can be concluded that humic acids and Septonex in their interactions, due to their structures, probably apply not only electrostatic interactions, especially through available carboxyl functional groups of humic acids and positively charged hydrophilic parts of Septonex molecules, but also a significant role have a hydrophobic effect, hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces.
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Study on interaction of humic substances with surface active agents
Bělušová, Anna ; Krouská, Jitka (referee) ; Smilek, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the study of interactions between humic acids (HK), as the main component of soil organic matter, and model pollutants in the form of surfactants through unconventional and original combination of dialysis and diffusion techniques. Since dialysis techniques are rarely used for the interaction of humic substances with surfactants study, it was necessary to optimize methods for determining of ionic surfactants (cationic Septonex and anionic sodium dodecylsulfate were selected as representatives) prior to begining of own experiments, using a method based on the color ion pair creation between a surfactant and a counter-charged dye, followed by this pair extraction into an organic solvent. Diffusion cell dialysis experiments were performed with cationic surfactant Septonex, which was expected to interact positively with humic acids relative to its charge. As humic acids representatives, the standards of these substances provided by the International Society for Humic Substances (IHSS) were selected, namely humic acids (IHSS HK) isolated from Leonardite (1S104H). One of this bachelor thesis aims was to verify the effect of carboxylic functional acids on reactivity and barrier abilities of humic acids. For this reason, these standards have been modified by the selective methylation of carboxyl groups which no longer participate in the interaction with surfactants. Already from the first experiments there was a noticeable decrease in the concentration of Septonex over time – it means its transition through the dialysis membrane to humic acids, which indicates a positive affinity of humic acids to Septonex. The extent of these interactions was assessed through the apparent interactions parameter app through which the assumption that IHSS HK reacted with Septonex more than their methylated form of MIHSS HK was verified.
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The influence of humic acids methylation on the interaction of surface active agents
Bělušová, Anna ; Weidlich, Tomáš (referee) ; Smilek, Jiří (advisor)
The presented diploma thesis deals with the study of interactions between humic acids as the main component of soil organic matter with a model organic pollutant presented by cationic surfactant Septonex (which was expected to interact positively with humic acids due to its charge) through unconventional combination of dialysis and diffusion techniques realized in diffusion cells together with isothermal titration calorimetry capable of elucidating the nature of ongoing reactions from a thermodynamic point of view. The experiments were performed with a humic acid isolated by standard isolation procedure from Leonardite (1S104H) purchased from the International Society for Humic Substances, with humic acids isolated from lignite as well as modal chernozem. The aim of the submited diploma thesis is to assess the influence of carboxyl functional groups in the structure of humic acids to interactions with Septonex. For this reason, said samples of humic acids have been modified by selective methylation of their carboxyl functional groups, which can no longer participate in interactions with ionic substances. Results from diffusion cells and isothermal titration calorimetry confirmed the assumption that Septonex interacted with all types of unmodified humic acids more than with their methylated derivatives. Despite the available literature, it was surprising that the differences in the interaction of humic acids with Septonex were not diametrically different when comparing unmodified humic acids with their methylated derivatives. The extent of these interactions was assessed through the apparent equilibrium constant Kapp determined in the diffusion (dialysis) experiments and from the course of enthalpy curves from isothermal titration calorimetry. After the experiments and their evaluation, it can be concluded that humic acids and Septonex in their interactions, due to their structures, probably apply not only electrostatic interactions, especially through available carboxyl functional groups of humic acids and positively charged hydrophilic parts of Septonex molecules, but also a significant role have a hydrophobic effect, hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces.
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Study on interaction of humic substances with surface active agents
Bělušová, Anna ; Krouská, Jitka (referee) ; Smilek, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the study of interactions between humic acids (HK), as the main component of soil organic matter, and model pollutants in the form of surfactants through unconventional and original combination of dialysis and diffusion techniques. Since dialysis techniques are rarely used for the interaction of humic substances with surfactants study, it was necessary to optimize methods for determining of ionic surfactants (cationic Septonex and anionic sodium dodecylsulfate were selected as representatives) prior to begining of own experiments, using a method based on the color ion pair creation between a surfactant and a counter-charged dye, followed by this pair extraction into an organic solvent. Diffusion cell dialysis experiments were performed with cationic surfactant Septonex, which was expected to interact positively with humic acids relative to its charge. As humic acids representatives, the standards of these substances provided by the International Society for Humic Substances (IHSS) were selected, namely humic acids (IHSS HK) isolated from Leonardite (1S104H). One of this bachelor thesis aims was to verify the effect of carboxylic functional acids on reactivity and barrier abilities of humic acids. For this reason, these standards have been modified by the selective methylation of carboxyl groups which no longer participate in the interaction with surfactants. Already from the first experiments there was a noticeable decrease in the concentration of Septonex over time – it means its transition through the dialysis membrane to humic acids, which indicates a positive affinity of humic acids to Septonex. The extent of these interactions was assessed through the apparent interactions parameter app through which the assumption that IHSS HK reacted with Septonex more than their methylated form of MIHSS HK was verified.
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