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Influence of atmospheric turbulences on the optical beam
Bárta, Miroslav ; Wilfert, Otakar (referee) ; Hudcová, Lucie (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to study a free space optics and its application in communication technologies. It describes possible interrupting impacts on the beamed optical signal, which are signal noise, attenuation of the atmosphere and atmospheric turbulence. The basis of the thesis is to describe the impact of the atmospheric turbulences on the optical beam. Fluctuation of optical intensity in the optical beam has been measured and index of refraction structure parameter calculated. With its assistance, turbulence rate has been determined.
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The rock-art of Lower Nubia
Suková, Lenka ; Bárta, Miroslav (advisor) ; Verner, Miroslav (referee)
Skalní umění představuje archeologický pramen velmi specifické povahy. Je to bezprostřední odkaz, který nám zanechaly prehistorické a raně historické společnosti v různých částech světa o svém životě, soužití i bojích, úsilí i strádání, úspěších i neúspěších, obavách i touhách. Je to konkrétní svědectví o tom, jak tyto společnosti samy sebe vnímaly, jak znázorňovaly a uchopovaly svět, který je obklopoval, jak se vypořádávaly s nejrůznějšími událostmi a změnami, které se jich citelně dotýkaly a fungovaly jako hnací motor kulturního a společenského vývoje a jako podnět k mnohým adaptacím, technologickým inovacím i aktualizacím v různých oblastech života.1 Je to přímé hmotné vyjádření lidských představ a myšlenek,2 ikonografická projekce symbolického, metafyzického a emocionálního světa prehistorických populací,3 o němž kosti a kamenné nástroje, které získáváme z archeologického záznamu, většinou zarytě mlčí. Ve skalním umění se nám odkrývá docela jiný svět dávných společností a populací, prostřednictvím skalních obrazů je velmi snadné tento svět spatřit, avšak uchopit jej, pochopit zůstává většinou značně obtížné. Ke správnému porozumění skalnímu umění nám dnes schází původní kontext, v němž byly obrazy vytvářeny vždy s ohledem na určitou funkci nebo jako vyjádření konkrétní funkce, a specifické myšlení a...
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The tomb of Unisankh at Saqqara and Chicago
Onderka, Pavel ; Bárta, Miroslav (advisor) ; Bareš, Ladislav (referee)
In 1908, Edward E. Ayer (1841-1927),1 the founding father of the Egyptian collection of the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, IL, purchased for the museum two chapels of Old Kingdom mastabas once located in the vicinity of the pyramid complex of Netjerykhet at central Saqqara. One of them belonged to Netjeruser (NTr-wsr),2 a high official from the later reign of Nyuserre till that of Menkauhor,3 the other to Unisankh (Wnjs-anx.w), who is generally considered to have been son of Unis, the last king of the Fifth Dynasty. The tomb of Unisankh was excavated in 1907 by James E. Quibell (1867-1935),4 then the chief inspector at Saqqara, for the purpose of its sale to the Field Columbian Museum in Chicago (the later Field Museum of Natural History).5 When Quibell started his excavations, the whole Unis Cemetery North- West was hidden under sand. In the course of excavating the site, Quibell cleared the tomb of Unisankh. He undoubtedly realized the existence of several other structures, in particular the tomb of Iynefert that was partly unearthed in the course of dismantling the neighboring tomb of Unisankh. One block from the mastaba of queen Nebet (Nbt), wife of Unis, was found as well.6
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The geographic horizon of Ancient Egyptians in the 3rd millennium BC
Jirásková, Lucie ; Bárta, Miroslav (advisor) ; Charvát, Petr (referee)
The thesis focuses on the Egyptian foreign relations with Syropalestine and Sinai, Eastern Desert and Punt, Nubia, Western Desert and Crete in the Old Kingdom covering most of the 3rd millennium BC time span. Each of the chapters presents the so far available archaeological evidence of interaction and the historical or the geographical implications based on it. In the conclusions the author, comparing the situation in particular areas, attempts to draw the general influence on economical and cultural life, as well as, the political significance of Egyptian foreign relations.
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Pyramid causeway in the Old Kingdom: evolution of the architecture and definition of the relief decoration program
El - Awadí, Tárek Mohamed ; Verner, Miroslav (advisor) ; Bárta, Miroslav (referee) ; Charvát, Petr (referee)
In the spring of 1994, an unexpected discovery to the North of the upper part of Sahure's causeway changed the long established belief that the mortuary complex of Sahure was excavated completely by L. Borchardt.1 Four huge limestone blocks decorated in basrelief of the highest quality bearing unique polychrome scenes were discovered during that spring, proving Borchardt's excavations of Sahure's complex were incomplete. These four blocks were evidence that more decorated blocks and fragments were still under the masses of sand surrounding the upper part of the causeway which had never been investigated by Borchardt? This surprising discovery was the result of cleaning being done in the area in preparation to open the Abusir necropolis for tourists. The work was under the supervision of Zahi Hawass. Hawass stopped the work at Abusir and reburied the blocks after they were photographed and drawn with the help of the Czech mission working at Abusir. Only a preliminary report was published by Zahi Hawass and Miroslav Verner to present the discovery to scholars.3 In their report, a survey of the causeways from royal funerary complexes was performed to alert scholars that many causeways are partially or completely unexcavated and need to be given more attention.4 In 2002, the present author was trusted by Hawass...
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Bír Šawíš, Malá Oáza: Ostraka a další nápisový materiál
Dospěl, Marek ; Bárta, Miroslav (advisor) ; Ast, Rodney (referee) ; Coppens, Filip (referee)
MAREK DOSPĚL Bīr Shawīsh, Small Oasis: Ostraka and Other Inscribed Material ABSTRACT The present dissertation is primarily a publication of a group of primary sources. These sources come from the recent archaeological exploration by Charles University in Prague of the site of Bīr Shawīsh in the Baḥrīya Oasis ("Small Oasis" in Classical Antiquity) in Egypt's Western Desert and consist of inscribed material written in Hellenistic Greek or koinē. Their majority belongs in the family of documentary texts, while a smaller group consists of informal inscriptions. Both texts and inscriptions are written or incised on fired potter's clay supports and can be dated to around 400 CE. The core of this dissertation consists of an annotated edition of these texts and inscriptions (Chapter 3), immediately followed by a synthetic and interpretative Chapter 4 in which the cardinal issues inherent to the published material are treated in detail. An important part of the edition are the analytical indices and appendices. Chapter 1 serves as a general introduction to the work; Chapter 2 presents the historical and archaeological context of the edited inscribed material. The dissertation ends with Reference Bibliography and Plates of individual text-bearing artifacts. This work is the first comprehensive treatment of a group of...
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