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Treatment of respiratory tract diseases
Hamalová, Kateřina ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee) ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor)
RESPIRATON TRACT DIEASES TREATMENT Diploma theasis Kateřina Hamalová Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové We experience respiration tract diseases very often. Infection of ventral respiratory ways (laryngotracheitis, tracheobronchitis, pneumonia etc.), lung disease with bronchial obstruction (CHOPN, asthma), interstitial processes of unknown etiology and bronchial carcinoma belong to this group of diseases. Asthma bronchiale is one of the diseases affecting a substantial part of the world's population. It is a chronic inflammatory disease of respiratory ways. Chronic inflammation is linked to hyperactivity of bronchi and obstruction. Whistling, breathlessness, feeling of burden on the chest and cough, particularly at night and early in the morning are typical clinical features of asthma. Asthma origins from inherited factors which influence is accelerated by the negative impact of environment. Based on clinical symptoms identified before a treatment is started, asthma can be classified as intermittent, slightly persisting, moderately hard persisting and strongly persisting. Pharmaceuticals used in the course of a treatment can be divided into several groups. The first group consists of pharmaceuticals depressing the inflammation and hyperactivity of bronchi, i.e....
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Toxic responses of the respiratory system
Plevová, Marie ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Toxicology of the respiratory system Exposure to chemical substances can cause adverse effects on the respiratory system. Respiratory toxicity can include a variety of acute and chronic pulmonary conditions, including local irritation, bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, fibrosis and cancer. This thesis deals with problems of occupational lung diseases caused by the inhalation of mineral dust into the lungs and reaction of the lung tissue on this dust. It analyses the classification of the most important pneumoconiosis and more closely describes silicosis, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, asbestosis and berylliosis.
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Pharmacology of antidotes
Kautová, Jana ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
1 1. Abstract Intoxications belongs to the group of serious conditions that threaten the health and lives of patients. In the introduction of the work is summarised the general treatment of intoxications. All the necessary emergency measures are more effective as sooner are applied. Treatment consists of both in the inactivation and elimination of toxic substances, and minimise the secondary damage and the development of complications. In prophylaxis of absorption of toxic substances are abandoned late lavage of the stomach, the best is to submit the charcoal (25-50 g ) in the form of a suspension as soon as possible after the ingestion of poison. Repeated administration of the charcoal after 4-5 hours is able to shorten the period of elimination of most substances. Forced diuresis is not a routine part of treatment. In serious cases of certain poisonings are indicated extracorporal elimination methods with leading edge of the hemodialysis. The administration of specific antidotes is indicated only in selected cases, but serious suspicion of poisoning with highly toxic substances is recommended to administer antidotes without laboratory confirmation of diagnosis. The work deals in details with some specific antidotes. For each substance are mentioned pharmacological properties, indications,...
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Risk of barbiturate intoxication in the dogs treated for epilepsy
Černohlávek, Milan ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Milan Černohlávek Supervisor: MVDr. Oto Huml Title of diploma thesis: The Intoxication Risk in Dogs Treated for Epilepsy Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disease in the dog population. Its incidence is approximately 5-5,7%. For successful treatment is important the correct and early diagnosis. In this case, it is especially important to communicate with the dog breeder and his co-operation. After exclusion of all other possible causes of seizures and biochemical imaging approach is to start a anti-epileptic therapy. In many aspects the most effective way is phenobarbital monotherapy. To achieve successful treatment is necessary to have optimal plasma concentrations of phenobarbital. Here there are disparities in terms of breed and each dog, and therefore, after a time interval to check the plasma concentration of fenobarbital . As a very convenient method seems FPIA AxSYM Phenobarbital. This work focuses on analysis of observed plasma concentrations of phenobarbital in terms of anti-epileptic efficacy and toxicity. Due to prolonged use is necessary to focus on hepatotoxicity and monitoring the levels of liver enzymes via biochemical methods at the recommended...
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Study of change of reactivation potency and also ability of penetration throught the blood-brain barrier of newly prepared (fluorinated) acetylcholinesterase reactivator
Jurczyk, Pavel ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Ing. Pavel Jurczyk Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Study of change of reactivation potency and also ability of penetration throught the blood-brain barrier of newly prepared (fluorinated) acetylcholinesterase reactivator The purpose of our experiment was to find that introduction of Fluor atom to the reactivator structure leads to higher potency of reactivation action or improved the ability to permeate into the brain. The higher concentration of effective oxime in the brain may leads to increasion of reactivation efficacy in the central nervous system. We compare therapeutical potency of this compound against commonly used not fluorinated oxim reactivators acetylcholinesterase by intoxication with tabun in vivo. Experiments were performed on male of laboratory Wistar rats. Atropin in the dose (21 mg/kg) in combination with reactivator 5 minutes before intoxication (1 LD50; 180 μg/kg) were applied intramuscularly. Thirty minutes after intoxications animals were killed in CO2 atmosphere and took up them blood, brain and diaphragm. The plasma was prepared by centrifugation of the blood at 3000 ot./min. by 10 0 C. The activity AChE and BuChE were...
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The bronchoprotective effects evaluation of compounds
Schmidtová, Barbora ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Fakulty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxikology Barbora Schmidtová ABSTRACT (Diploma theasis) Bronchoprotective effect evaluation of potential drugs Respiratory diseases (asthma, CHOPN) has been held for many years the focus of doctors and lay people, and since their incidence is constantly increasing, especially in the younger pediatric population, is therefore an important potential drug development in this field. Asthma and CHOPN are inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, which plays an important role in many cells and their mediators. Among the drugs used in treatment of diseases of respiratory system include many drugs from different therapeutic groups. The group of bronchodilators include, parasympatholytics and beta2-agonists and methylxantin derivatives (theophylline). Other groups used to treat respiratory tract are inflammatory substances (glucocorticoids and preventive imunodrugs) antileukotriens and antihistamines. Bronchoprotective effect have also antitussives and expectorants. The goal of my work was both to participate in establishing the method of isolated trachea, which is used to identify new potential bronchodilators relax, and on this model provide a relaxing activity of the standard drug theophylline. In vitro...
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