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Pharmacology of antidotes
Kautová, Jana ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
1 1. Abstract Intoxications belongs to the group of serious conditions that threaten the health and lives of patients. In the introduction of the work is summarised the general treatment of intoxications. All the necessary emergency measures are more effective as sooner are applied. Treatment consists of both in the inactivation and elimination of toxic substances, and minimise the secondary damage and the development of complications. In prophylaxis of absorption of toxic substances are abandoned late lavage of the stomach, the best is to submit the charcoal (25-50 g ) in the form of a suspension as soon as possible after the ingestion of poison. Repeated administration of the charcoal after 4-5 hours is able to shorten the period of elimination of most substances. Forced diuresis is not a routine part of treatment. In serious cases of certain poisonings are indicated extracorporal elimination methods with leading edge of the hemodialysis. The administration of specific antidotes is indicated only in selected cases, but serious suspicion of poisoning with highly toxic substances is recommended to administer antidotes without laboratory confirmation of diagnosis. The work deals in details with some specific antidotes. For each substance are mentioned pharmacological properties, indications,...
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The toxicology of polychlorinated biphenyls
Janušová, Radka ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Radka Janušová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. THE TOXICOLOGY OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS This diploma thesis is dealing with the toxicology of polychlorinated biphenyls. There are described their properties, sources, their movement in the environment, toxicokinetics and effects on various organ systems. Together with polychlorinated dibenzorufans and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-oxins belong to persistent organic pollutants that can be characterized by their toxicity and ability to accumulate in the environment. They are synthetic organic aromatic compounds. First time, they were synthetized in 19th century and since 30s of the 20th century have been industrially produced in huge amounts. They have a number of useful physical and chemical properties that allow their wide use and many of these products, which contain PCBs, are still used. In the U.S., their production was already banned in the 70s of 20th century, with us they were produced until 1984. In 2001 was signed the Stockholm convention, that obligates the involved countries to limit the production, use and discharge of these substance into the environment.
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Risk of barbiturate intoxication in the dogs treated for epilepsy
Černohlávek, Milan ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Milan Černohlávek Supervisor: MVDr. Oto Huml Title of diploma thesis: The Intoxication Risk in Dogs Treated for Epilepsy Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disease in the dog population. Its incidence is approximately 5-5,7%. For successful treatment is important the correct and early diagnosis. In this case, it is especially important to communicate with the dog breeder and his co-operation. After exclusion of all other possible causes of seizures and biochemical imaging approach is to start a anti-epileptic therapy. In many aspects the most effective way is phenobarbital monotherapy. To achieve successful treatment is necessary to have optimal plasma concentrations of phenobarbital. Here there are disparities in terms of breed and each dog, and therefore, after a time interval to check the plasma concentration of fenobarbital . As a very convenient method seems FPIA AxSYM Phenobarbital. This work focuses on analysis of observed plasma concentrations of phenobarbital in terms of anti-epileptic efficacy and toxicity. Due to prolonged use is necessary to focus on hepatotoxicity and monitoring the levels of liver enzymes via biochemical methods at the recommended...
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Comparison of the Effect of Substances (VN 008 a VN 014) from the Group of Quinazoline Derivatives on the Model of Isolated Trachea
Pramuková, Zuzana ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Zuzana Pramuková Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of thesis: Comparison of the effect of substances (VN 008 a VN 014) from the group of quinazoline derivatives on the model of isolated trachea. The aim of this study was to determine the structural relaxation activity of quinazoline variations on the isolated rat's tracheal smooth muscle (in vitro). Synthetic substances VN 008 (N-(2-morfolinoetyl) quinazolin-4-amin) and VN 014 (4 - [3 - (piperidin- 1-yl) propyloxy] quinazoline) are derived from alkaloids obtained from the Justicia Adhatoda shrub (vasicine and vasicinone). The isolated trachea, after a previous contraction of carbachol in a concentration of 10-5M, we studied the cumulative relaxation of single doses of the test compounds VN 008 and VN 014. The results obtained (ED50 values ± SEM [mmol / l]) shows that both the test substances induced relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle. Substance VN 008 is comparable with standard active substance theophylline. Greater effects shows derivative with propyloxy fragment VN 014. Keywords: asthma, Justicia Adhatoda, vasicine, vasicinone, theophylline.
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Toxic responses of the respiratory system
Plevová, Marie ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Toxicology of the respiratory system Exposure to chemical substances can cause adverse effects on the respiratory system. Respiratory toxicity can include a variety of acute and chronic pulmonary conditions, including local irritation, bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, fibrosis and cancer. This thesis deals with problems of occupational lung diseases caused by the inhalation of mineral dust into the lungs and reaction of the lung tissue on this dust. It analyses the classification of the most important pneumoconiosis and more closely describes silicosis, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, asbestosis and berylliosis.
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The bronchoprotective effects evaluation of compounds
Schmidtová, Barbora ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Fakulty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxikology Barbora Schmidtová ABSTRACT (Diploma theasis) Bronchoprotective effect evaluation of potential drugs Respiratory diseases (asthma, CHOPN) has been held for many years the focus of doctors and lay people, and since their incidence is constantly increasing, especially in the younger pediatric population, is therefore an important potential drug development in this field. Asthma and CHOPN are inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, which plays an important role in many cells and their mediators. Among the drugs used in treatment of diseases of respiratory system include many drugs from different therapeutic groups. The group of bronchodilators include, parasympatholytics and beta2-agonists and methylxantin derivatives (theophylline). Other groups used to treat respiratory tract are inflammatory substances (glucocorticoids and preventive imunodrugs) antileukotriens and antihistamines. Bronchoprotective effect have also antitussives and expectorants. The goal of my work was both to participate in establishing the method of isolated trachea, which is used to identify new potential bronchodilators relax, and on this model provide a relaxing activity of the standard drug theophylline. In vitro...
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