|
|
Bříza bělokorá jako přípravná dřevina při zalesňování kalamitních holin jedlí bělokorou: vliv na podmínky prostředí a vybrané ekofyziologické parametry jedle
Štefková, Veronika
This thesis compare various uses of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) as a preparatory species during afforestation by silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). In this experiment, silver fir was planted at fall of 2015 and measurements were conducted in the vegetation season 2016. There were four variants of experiment with respect to the silver birch: clearcut, birch stand with 50 % stocking density, narrow embankment cut and birch stand with a full stocking density. Air temperature, precipitation, vapor pressure deficit, soil moisture and transmittance of photosynthetically active radiation were measured from the environmental variables. On plants, the growth increment, chlorophyll fluorescence, shoot water potential and needle mas per area were studied. Preparatory forest stand eliminated extreme temperatures, both positive and negative. Maximum temperatures were by 7 °C lower under the forest canopy than on clearcut. Spring frost was eliminated by 2.2 °C which was enough to protect fresh shoots from freezing. On the other hand soil moisture under the birch was by 23 till 47 % lower than at the clearcut. Tallest growth increment of 12 cm was at the clearcut, shortest of 7 cm under the birch without thinning. Needle mass per area corresponded to light availability and it was highest at clearcut and lowest under the birch. Chlorophyll fluorescence in dark did not suggest any differences between treatments (Fv/Fm was higher than 0.80) and therefore differences in growth can be accounted to the light availability. Data suggest that for the silver fir saplings is best to grow under severely thinned silver birch canopy with low stocking density which allows for enough light and soil moisture but still protects saplings against inclement weatherFormula clause:I declare that I am working, "Birch as a preparatory tree species in reforestation calamity clearings silver fir: the impact of environmental conditions and selected ecophysiological parameters fir" worked independently and all used sources and information mention in the list of references. I agree that my work has been published in accordance with § 47 b of the Act no. 111/1998 Coll., On universities, as amended and in accordance with directives on the publication of university theses. I am aware that my work covered by Act no. 121/2000 Coll., The Copyright Act, and the Mendel University in Brno has the right to conclude a license agreement and use this work as school work pursuant to Section 60 paragraph. 1 of the Copyright Act. I also agree that, before drawing up licensing agreements on the use of a work by another person (the subject), I request a written opinion by the university that the subject license agreement is not contrary to the legitimate interests of the university and undertake to pay any contribution to the costs associated with the creation of the work, and up to the full amount
|
|
| |
|
|
Greek debt crisis and its impact on EU
Štefková, Veronika ; Hnát, Pavel (advisor) ; Vrňáková, Irena (referee)
Greece joined EU in 1981 and became a member of the European Monetary Union in 2001. With its budget deficit and government debt, which do not comply with the Maastricht criteria for a long time, Greece belongs to the weakest members of EU. The impact of the global financial crisis, combined with structural weaknesses of the national economy, which significantly reduces its competitiveness, occurred in Greece in 2009. At this time pressure on international financial markets, the Greek government bonds, and the common European currency, was intensified. Greek bond rating has gradually dropped to the junk level and the interest rate of bonds has exceeded the acceptable limit. Concerns about possible default followed.
|
guest ::
RSS feed.