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Study of the Dissipation in Spiraling Vortical Structures
Štefan, David ; Drábková, Sylva (referee) ; Koutník,, Jiří (referee) ; Skoták, Aleš (referee) ; Rudolf, Pavel (advisor)
This work deals with study of swirling flows where the spiral vortical structure appears. The main relation is to flow seen in the draft tube cone of hydraulic turbines operated out of the design point (i.e. best efficiency point). In this cases large coherent vortex structure (vortex rope) appears and consequently high pressure pulsations are propagated to the whole machine system leading to possible restriction of turbine operation. This flow features are consequence of flow instability called vortex breakdown in case of Francis turbine operated at part load (flow rate lower than optimal one). The present study is carried out using simplified device of swirl generator in order to access similar flow conditions as can be found in real hydraulic turbines. Both the dynamic and dissipation effect of spiral vortex breakdown are investigated. The first part of thesis deals with spiral form of vortex breakdown. The experimentally measured velocity profiles (LDA) and wall static pressures are correlated with numerical simulations carried out using open-source CFD package OpenFOAM 2.2.2. The high speed camera recording of cavitating vortex core is used to obtain image ensemble for further post-processing. The dissipation effect of spiral vortex structure is in detail discussed based on computed flow fields. The second part of thesis is dedicated to the application of POD decomposition to the study of spatio-temporal features of spiral vortex dynamics. Firstly the POD is applied to the both the experimentally obtained image ensemble of cavitating vortex and numerically computed static pressure fields. Secondly the comprehensive analysis of spiral vortex mitigation effect by the axial water jet is analyzed. The collaborative study employing the swirl generator apparatus designed by the researchers from Politehnica University of Timisoara in Romania is performed and changes in spatio-temporal vortex dynamic are studied. In this study the numerical data (in a form of three-dimensional pressure and velocity fields) are obtained using commercial CFD software ANSYS Fluent R14.
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Experimental testing of minimixer for waste water treatment
Luňák, Pavel ; Štefan, David (referee) ; Rudolf, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis deals with various ways of mixing mainly liquids. The theoretical part is devoted to the distribution of mixers, including a description of their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and applications. The experimental part is devoted to the measurement of minimixers, which were developed and manufactured V. Kaplan Department of Fluid Engineering. This section contains a proposal of measuring ciruit to determine the hydraulic characteristics of minimixers and the degree of mixing. The measurement results and their evaluation is summarized in the conclusion.
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Inlet recirculation of centrifugal pump
Heinz, Pavel ; Štefan, David (referee) ; Rudolf, Pavel (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the phenomenon appearing in hydrodynamic pumps at the sub-optimal flow rate. This phenomenon is inlet recirculation, which is an undesirable phenomenon in the suction of the pump. This recirculation causes cavitation, pressure pulsations and may cause clogging of the suction line. The main goal of the diploma thesis is CFD simulation for the recirculation mode, identification of the flow phenomena, and designs of possible measures to suppress inlet recirculation.
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Influence of fractal geometry on turbulent flow
Hochman, Ondřej ; Štefan, David (referee) ; Rudolf, Pavel (advisor)
The master’s thesis deals with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of two orifices, that have different shapes of holes but similar cross-sectional flow areas. The first of them is orifice with circular-shaped hole, which is used for maintenance free measurement of flow. The second one is orifice with fractal-shaped hole, inspired by von Koch snow-flake. This thesis follows bachelor thesis, in which was experimentally examined, that fractal-shaped orifices have better hydraulic properties (hydraulic losses and lower pressure pulsations) than circle-shaped one. The main target is to confirm this conclusion based on experiment, this time using CFD with various types of turbulence modelling ap-proaches. Both single phase (cavitation free) and multiphase numerical simulations were realized. Each model was compared from perspective of hydraulic and dynamic charac-teristics.
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Fluid flow in narrow gap between two cylinders induced by pressure gradient
Bartková, Tamara ; Štefan, David (referee) ; Štigler, Jaroslav (advisor)
Diplomová práca je zameraná na popísanie prúdenia tekutiny medzikruhovým potrubím. Tok tekutiny je skúmaný pri viacerých podmienkach, čo vedie k laminárnemu ale aj turbulentnému prúdeniu. Práca obsahuje rešeršnú časť, ktorá opisuje doteraz známe vzťahy popisujúce daný typ prúdenia a takisto skúma spôsoby merania rýchlostného profilu v medzikruhových medzerách. Nasledujúca časť obsahuje návrh výpočtového modelu, popis simulácií prúdenia pri konkrétnych podmienkach a ich vyhodnotenie. Výsledky zo simulačnej časti sú použité pri popise charakteristických vlastností turbulentného prúdenia v medzikruží. Tieto charakteristiky sú použité v ďalšej časti práce, ktorá je cielená na získanie analytického vzťahu, ktorý by popisoval časovo stredovaný rýchlostný profil turbulentného prúdenia v medzikruhovej medzere.
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Shaft seals and stuffing boxes of pumps
Pluskal, Tomáš ; Dobrovolný, Martin (referee) ; Štefan, David (advisor)
Pumps are an integral part of industry, agriculture, but also everyday life. One of the main elements that affect the proper function and reliability of these machines are shaft seals and gaskets. The first part of this work deals with individual types of shaft seals and gaskets, their design, application, function and used materials. In the second part, a suitable seal for the selected pump is dimensioned.
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Low specific speed pump working in turbine mode
Bezdíček, Jiří ; Moravec, Prokop (referee) ; Štefan, David (advisor)
The use of the pump in turbine mode is an evolving area. For this reason, research of less standard pumps from the edges of the specific speed spectrum is suitable for this purpose. This diploma thesis was focused on the influence of splitter blades on the exclusively turbine mode of a low specific speed pump. CFD calculations of the pump were performed, considering the sidewall gaps between the stator and the rotor. CFD served not only to obtain turbine characteristics but also to describe the flow and analysis of other phenomena, such as volumetric efficiency or hydraulic forces.
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Hydraulic losses in pipes
Štefan, David ; Kubálek, Jiří (referee) ; Rudolf, Pavel (advisor)
The work deals with the effect of friction losses in pipes. Calculation of specific energy losses using the Darcy-Waisbach relationship. Calculation of friction coefficient in all areas of turbulent flow using the relations available, their comparison on the basis of average absolute deviations of calculated values from the values of Nikuradse chart. The result is the most accurate relations recommendations for the calculation of in different regions, graphic depiction of relations in Nikuradse diagram and evaluation of their performance.
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CFD simulation of centrifugal pump working as a turbine (PaT) - influence of impeller side wall gaps on simulation results
Tomšej, Radek ; Zemanová, Lucie (referee) ; Štefan, David (advisor)
This master‘s thesis deals with a centrifugal pump running in reverse (turbine) mode, often called “pump-as-turbine”. The introduction lists basic principles and information about the direct (pump) and reverse modes. Several methodologies for predicting reverse operating point and efficiency evolution are used and compared with simulation results. Using CFD simulations, results obtained with simplified (excluding impeller side wall gaps) and complete geometry (including impeller side wall gaps) are assessed. Furthermore, the results of impeller trimming are evaluated with an aim to find the maximum power and efficiency. Impeller side wall gaps effect is analyzed in terms of friction torque and power loss.
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Computational modeling of cavitation characteristic curve of radial centrifugal pump
Leischner, Jakub ; Chabannes, Lilian (referee) ; Štefan, David (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá jedním z nejčastějších problémů spojených s provozem radiální odstředivých čerpadel mimo optimální podmínky - kavitací. Její příčiny a vliv jsou vysvětleny a shrnuty společně s popisem hlavních částí čerpadel a simulačních metod výpočtového modelování proudění. K vyhodnocení vlivů kavitace na provozní parametry čerpadla jsou použita data z experimentálního měření a vytvořeného CFD modelu. Hlavní charakteristiky čerpadla, jako dopravní výška a účinnost, jsou srovnány ve 4 bodech zahrnujících rozmezí od návrhového bodu až po nevhodný provozní režim při poklesu dopravní výšky o více než 3 %. Jako doplněk je z výsledků CFD simulací vyhodnocen objem páry vznikající v oběžném kole a frekvence pulzací působících sil.
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