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Leaf structural changes induced by tropospheric ozone.
Češpírová, Zdeňka ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hála, Michal (referee)
Tropospheric ozone is an important pollutant formed by the photochemical reactions of ultraviolet radiation and nitrogenous. Recently, its concentration in the air is increasing due to the promoting climate change and antropogenic activities, mainly because of combustion of the fossil fuels. The ozone is highly reactive molecule degrading to the reactive oxygen species having negative effects on the leaf physiological functions and structure. Ozone penetrates the leaf through the stomata, thereafter it reacts with the cells and their singular compartments. The products formed due to ozone degradation are able to cause the disintegration of plasma membranes and other oxidative damage, for example accumulation of plastoglobuli inside the chloroplasts, changes in the shape of chloroplasts, mitochondria or peroxisomes. At the macroscopic level the visible lesions, chloroses and necroses are observed. In addition, the faster senescence of leaves is observed under the effect of ozone. The main aim of present thesis is to review knowledge of the ozone-induced changes in the leaf structure beginning on the cell structure level and ending at the whole plant body level and to explain physiological mechanisms leading to these damages. Key words: ozone, oxidative stress, leaf structure, mesophyll, reactive...
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Leaf structural changes induced by tropospheric ozone.
Češpírová, Zdeňka ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hála, Michal (referee)
Tropospheric ozone is an important pollutant formed by the photochemical reactions of ultraviolet radiation and nitrogenous. Recently, its concentration in the air is increasing due to the promoting climate change and antropogenic activities, mainly because of combustion of the fossil fuels. The ozone is highly reactive molecule degrading to the reactive oxygen species having negative effects on the leaf physiological functions and structure. Ozone penetrates the leaf through the stomata, thereafter it reacts with the cells and their singular compartments. The products formed due to ozone degradation are able to cause the disintegration of plasma membranes and other oxidative damage, for example accumulation of plastoglobuli inside the chloroplasts, changes in the shape of chloroplasts, mitochondria or peroxisomes. At the macroscopic level the visible lesions, chloroses and necroses are observed. In addition, the faster senescence of leaves is observed under the effect of ozone. The main aim of present thesis is to review knowledge of the ozone-induced changes in the leaf structure beginning on the cell structure level and ending at the whole plant body level and to explain physiological mechanisms leading to these damages. Key words: ozone, oxidative stress, leaf structure, mesophyll, reactive...
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