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Nutrition bilance at the hospitalized patients
Volfová, Martina ; Těšínský, Pavel (advisor)
The topic of his thesis Nutritional balance in hospitalized patients I chose based on the fact that malnutrition (ie malnutrition) is currently time of a serious problem and in most developed countries, which suffer more illnesses of excess than a lack of food. People suffering from hunger paradoxically in hospitals a nursing home under medical supervision. As a result malnutrition there is a prolongation of hospitalization (about 20-50%), the extension stay in intensive care units (about 50-150%) and an increase in mortality and number of complications, which together increase the cost of treating patients. Often missing interest in the nutritional status of patients on their dietary habits, malnutrition is diagnosed late, the later and often inadequately treated. Hospitals often missing and nutritional therapists, an article that the nutritional the patients care, awareness of nurses and doctors is often very low, lacks a system of care for nutrition, diet and nutritional status of patients. The world is moving proportion of patients admitted to hospitals in the stage malnutrition from 20 to 40% during hospitalization nutritional status deteriorates further and proportion of patients with malnutrition and may reach 60-70%. In 2003, the staff of the Center Nutrition Survey, which showed that number of...
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Epidemiology Study of patients after the THA
Herůfek, Radim ; Džupa, Valér (advisor)
Total hip arthroplasty is one of the best methods of treatment postwar medicine. Patients with severely degenerated joints are plagued by persistent pain that will not allow them normal daily activities , do not allow them quality sleep and also cause great mental anguish. Joint replacement implant leads relieving pain , restore function . Originally disabled patient returns to normal life and employment , which is often physically demanding. Therefore, total replacement of the significant effect of treatment , social and economic . The significant development of total joint arthroplasty for the last 40 years has resulted in various types and designs of acetabular holes femoral stems and heads , which in turn causes a lack of clarity on the menu, which , moreover, is still expanding. For implantation compensation is very important accurate indication of a specific type prosthesis , and therefore it is necessary to conduct epidemiological studies of patients who help refine the indications thus facilitating the selection of individual components. The following work is an overview of epidemiological data of patients with implantation of hip replacement patients operated on Orthopaedics and Traumatology FNKV clinic in 2006.
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Probiotics and prebiotics in the
Šrámková, Kateřina ; Rambousková, Jolana (advisor)
Words probiotics and prebiotics ( derived from the Greek " Bios " meaning life ) was recently tem of unknown. Today, however, regards the concepts increasingly often as professionals and the general public. Probiotics and prebiotics They have a wide scope and their use in medicine grows . Their great advantage is that the so-called " substances in the body own " , so they are a natural part of a healthy human organism. Recently, more and more attention is paid to physiological intestinal microflora. The effort is primarily the influence of the optimal composition. The first attempts to date back to the early 20th century, when the 1908 Nobel Nobel Russian scientist Ilya Mechnikov published a theory that consumption of fermented dairy foods containing lactobacilli , contributes to longevity . The term " probiotic " was first used in 1965 , as the opposite of the term " antibiotic " . What is the effect of the probiotic bacteria ? Benefits can be found in large numbers. Generally, the Probiotics promote the growth of physiological intestinal microflora * flora and prevent the growth of pathogenic organisms . In so učasné underway a number of clinical studies , investigating the possibility of therapeutic use of probiotics in clinical practice. Along with prebiotics can be successfully used them in the...
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The Primary Prevention of Atherosclerosis
Suchecká, Barbora ; Ošťádal, Petr (advisor)
The topic of atherosclerosis and its complications is currently the subject of much attention because it is a very common disease and the complications caused by her dying a large number of people. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the cause of 30% of all deaths worldwide. In the Czech Republic are the main cause of CVD death (in 2004 contributed to the overall CVD mortality of 51, 4%). 8 The topic I chose it because I care about, and in his medical practice with him will meet. I consider the prevention of atherosclerosis for a better solution than to treat complications or consequences that disease caused.
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Comparison of Occupational Diseases Notified in the Czech Republic and in the Slovak Republic in 2006
Hrabovská, Lucia ; Hrnčíř, Evžen (advisor)
The concept of occupational disease refers to diseases that originated adverse of detrimental effects of the working environment. Czech and Slovak legislation Republic of match in cases that could be classified as an occupational disease. In both countries, the disease can be recognized as an occupational disease , provided that is listed in the list of occupational diseases and created the conditions listed in the list of occupational diseases. Since occupational diseases have a serious impact impact on staff and also may pose consequences for employer must meet legislative and uniform diagnostic criteria . Purpose of determining the number of occupational diseases is gathering information for analysis of the problems in health when illness and the risk of occupational disease is one of the basic indicators of the effectiveness prevention, the decision of the competent authorities to take appropriate organizational and other measures for scientific research, for education in the field and for international comparisons. The incidence of occupational diseases is also one important indicators of the health status of the population, especially the population working age. Medical severity of occupational diseases is intensified their economic and social consequences. In terms of health social and occupational...
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Specifics of nursing care in patients after transapical aortic valve implantation.
VOTRUBOVÁ, Nataliya
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a new and an attractive method in cardiology and as well as in cardiac surgery. It is constantly evolving method which has been developed as an alternative to standard open surgery, especially in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis with unacceptably high perioperative risk or patients who are not suitable for conventional open heart surgery because of age and comorbidities.A teamwork is very importantfor this new method and approach. The choice for TAVI is discussed by the institutional multidisciplinary heart team, typically consisting of interventional cardiologists, imaging-specialists, cardiac surgeons and anaesthesiologists. The first implant in a human being was performed by Cribierin 2002. In Czech Republic this method was first used in 2008. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was accepted as a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery. This method does not require the use of cardiopulmonary bypass, and cardiac arrest. Other several benefits includinglower risks of bleeding and stroke events, better wound healing, less pain, as well as more rapid early recovery due to preservation of continuity of the sternumthat result in shorter durations of stay in the hospital, earlier rehabilitation and faster returns to normal life. In the presented work was used a combination of qualitative-quantitative methods of investigation. The data was obtained by using the quantitative research. The main technique was using the questionnaires designed for nurses working at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hospital Czech Budejovice, a. s. These results were backed up by the implementation of qualitative research, which investigated the patients and physicians view on monitored issues. Questioning method using a semi structured interview technique was used for qualitative research. The results of the survey were processed using descriptive statistics charts in LibreOffice Calc and using diagrams created in LibreOffice Writer. Qualitative results of the research were transcribed from audio recordings and coded, and the base code was created nine categories of interviews with clients/patients and three categories of interviews with doctors. The aim of this work was to explore the specific problem of nursing care about the clients / patients after transapical aortic valve implantation. On the base of our obtained data it is evident, that the client/patient after TAVI may be positioned sideways, the use of surgical drains are less frequently, so the care about the surgical wounds is simpler, patients report less pain in the surgical wound and postoperative rehabilitation and recovery is shorter. H1 - The nurses take care about the clients/patients after transapical aortic valve implantation in the same way as about the clients/patients after open aortic valve replacement, without realizing the differences between the patients treated with different approaches, was not confirmed. The nurses'sees/reported major differences in invasiveness and extent of providing care, rehabilitation, convalescent, in the duration of the hospitalization and better cosmetic effect. The results of the research can serve as a basis for creating the standards of nursing care or educational material for clients/patients. It is also possible to present the results of this work at a specialized seminar for non medical healthcare workers and results can also increase the quality of nursing care about the clients/patients after transapical aortic valve implantation.
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How to prevent the proliferation of Legionella pneumophylis in hot water in the hospital Czech Krumlov
TUREK, Jan
This diploma thesis deals with microbiological quality of hot water in a hospital in Cesky Krumlov as well as hot water piping condition with respect to Legionella. It also deals with arrangements for improving the quality of hot water in this hospital. The subject and target of this thesis are the findings of the mentioned parameters based on own observations, technical documentation and analysis of warm water performed by an accredited laboratory. The hospital in Cesky Krumlov, the construction of which began in 1909, was built in 1911 as the 'Nemocnice Císaře Františka Josefa I.' As the time went by, new buildings were built up. The hospital was renamed to 'Všeobecná veřejná nemocnice' in 1942. In the following years the hospital expanded until the current condition. Water quality and presence of Legionella is a world-wide issue, which we must fight against. The thesis is divided into two parts. First, theoretical part, which includes both general and specific knowledge about Legionella, its health risks, the environment in which it occurs, possibilities of eliminating, suitability of the material for hot water pipes, gained in professional literature and a part of the Czech legislation dealing with public health protection, the law 'No. 258/2004 Coll.' in actual version and quality of drinking water and hot water. In the second, empirical part, I focus on the situation of the hospital in Cesky Krumlov from 2009 till 2015, concerning newly built boiler room and the whole distribution system of hot water regarding Legionella. Particularly I focused on materials used for ecologisation of the gas boiler room and materials used for hot water pipes and actual state of water distribution in individual buildings of this health care facility. I mentioned the analysis of the water samples performed by an accredited laboratory with corresponding technical documentation, which concerns the water distribution system, provided by the medical facility. I used secondary data analysis to evaluate these documents. Regarding the results from 2009 to 2015 the microbiological quality of warm water doesn't meet the limits defined in the Attachment No. 3 of the above mentioned law Order 252/2004 Coll. Limit value for colony forming units of Legionella is set to maximum of 100 CFU. In most of the samples this limit was exceeded by series of units up to hundred thousands of units. The last results in 2015 prove improvement of the unfavorable situation. In that year the analysis was tested three times. First in February, where the CFU units were 'only' in hundreds, with the top value of 550 CFU in the Postacute Care ward. Second analysis was performed in June that same year. Results were acceptable. The highest value was 64 CFU. Last analysis in the hospital was performed in December. Increased concentration of Legionella was again in the Surgery building. There were established of 1400 colony forming units. There were 300 CFU in the Postacute Care ward and the limit value of 100 CFU was in the ward of Internal medicine. The answers to research questions 'How to prevent reproduction of Legionella peumophylis in the water distribution system of the hospital in Cesky Krumlov?' and 'How to ensure a sufficient amount of quality hot water in the medical facility?' are included at the end of the stated recommendations. A risk factor causing the fast reproduction of Legionella is the old water distribution system in most of the buildings and low water temperature of water leaving the boiler, which is 55°C. All mentioned results and evaluations are included in this thesis as well as attached pictures, which show the environment and situation within the Health Care Institutions.
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Výzkum šíření látek typu PCB v potravních řetězcích a jejich kumulace v organismech‚ metody odstraňování kontaminovaných odpadů
Jihočeská univerzita, Výzkumný ústav rybářský a hydrobiologický, Vodňany ; Aquatest, a.s., Praha ; Svobodová, Zdeňka ; Kroupová, Hana ; Žlábek, Vladimír ; Piačková, Veronika ; Randák, Tomáš ; Máchová, Jana ; Veleba, Petr ; Pešičková, Kateřina ; Kozubek, Petr
Cílem projektu je shromáždit a rozšířit poznatky o šíření a akumulaci PCB ve vodách a vodních organismech, především pod obalovnami drti, v minulosti používajících Delory. Dále stanovit přijatelnou míru znečištění ŽP PCB pro modelové typy horninového prostředí. V roce 2004 byly doplněny informace o stavu znečištění horninového na vybraných lokalitách Rožmitál pod Třemšínem, Holostřevy a Lhenice, byly sledovány zátěže vodních nádrží a toků na lokalitách: rybník Tovaryš, údolní nádrž Orlík a řeka Skalice. Byly porovnány výsledky analýz jednotlivých matric ve vybraných lokalitách s výsledky získanými v uplynulých letech. Provedeny byly odhady distribučních koeficientů mezi jednotlivými složkami (zemina/podzemní voda, podzemní voda/povrchová voda, povrchová voda/sediment, sediment/vodní organismy, odhady přijatelné úrovně znečištění (sanačních limitů) a diskuse vhodných sanačních metod pro tetovací lokality.
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Phenomenon of “singles“ in the CR after the year 1989
Rulíková, Karolína ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Šimková, Martina (referee)
The Bachelor thesis deals with the phenomenon of singles, especially in connection with changes which occurred after the year 1989. This work explains the origins of the phenomenon and also the causes and the consequences of the singlehood choice, so it disproves preconceived incorrect notions. Attention is also paid to alternative relationships, position of singles on the labour market and finding a suitable marketing strategy for this particular segment of customers. The practical part analyses the results of the undertaken research which aimed to identify young people's level of knowledge about singles. Households of individuals were selected as an indicator which probably describes the phenomenon in the best way.
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