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Principle of subsidiarity and participation in the conception of young people
JURÁŠ, František
This bachelor thesis addresses the opinion of young people on enforcing of participation and subsidiarity principles in the Czech Republic. The task of this bachelor thesis is to determine, whether young people act according to the subsidiarity principle, how do young people perceive the participation principle and whether they actively participate on social life. The theoretical part focuses firstly on defining social politics. Secondly it defines the principles of participation and subsidiarity, which are an inherent part of a democratic society, and clarifies their social significance. Another chapter is the history of these two principles. Both of them date back all the way to the ancient times. With the change of political thinking, the perception of these principles was also changing. The most important era in the Czech Republic recently is the period before and after the year 1989. In the next part this thesis focuses on the state's policy, which strongly influences the possibilities of enforcing participation and subsidiarity principles. The main task of the state is to create such conditions, so that both principles could be enforced by the state's citizens. This thesis focuses furthermore on the non-profit sphere and the task of nongovernmental non-profit organizations, especially on the most common form of nongovernmental non-profit organizations, registered association. Non-profit organizations are often run on a voluntary basis with people working or helping without remuneration. Next, the activities of the Government Council for Nongovernmental Non-Profit Organisations are explained. There is also mentioned the importance of education for young people, especially concerning education related to their professional life. The practical part of this bachelor thesis describes how people relate to the principle of subsidiarity and participation. As a method to obtain the required data, a written questionnaire was used. Overall, 179 respondents participated on the survey. The main goal of this thesis was to find out how young people perceive the principle of participation and the principle of subsidiarity. The partial goal was to find out the significance of a young person's value orientation and conception of subsidiary help. The survey implies that in terms of subsidiary help young people rely more on the state's measures, than on their own abilities. The relation to participation is almost balanced, half of the respondents has a positive relation to participation, the other half a negative one. Young people have the best relation to participation in education for professional life. Hereafter, 2 hypotheses were determined: the first hypothesis was formulated that according to the subsidiarity principle young people prefer state's assistance over resolving their social problems by themselves. The second hypothesis stated that with higher level of education reached, awareness and activity in terms of social participation among young people are increasing. Both these hypotheses were statistically confirmed. From the data collected I conclude that young people are rather passive in relation to participation and subsidiarity principles. They prefer state's assistance over resolving their social problems by themselves. In terms of participation, young people participate mostly in education, which is probably due to their age and hobbies. This thesis can contribute to better understanding of young people's attitudes towards the principle of participation and the principle of subsidiarity. It can possibly serve as an indicator of attitudes towards individual social measures and individual types of participation. For nongovernmental non-profit organizations this bachelor thesis will serve as a source of information about young people's attitude towards activities of nongovernmental non-profit organizations. For educational institutions it can provide better understanding of young people's values related to education.
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Modeling a distribution of mortgage credit losses
Gapko, Petr ; Šmíd, Martin
One of the biggest risks arising from financial operations is the risk of counterparty default, commonly known as a “credit risk”. Leaving unmanaged, the credit risk would, with a high probability, result in a crash of a bank. In our paper, we will focus on the credit risk quantification methodology. We will demonstrate that the current regulatory standards for credit risk management are at least not perfect, despite the fact that the regulatory framework for credit risk measurement is more developed than systems for measuring other risks, e.g. market risks or operational risk. Generalizing the well known KMV model, standing behind Basel II, we build a model of a loan portfolio involving a dynamics of the common factor, influencing the borrowers’ assets, which we allow to be non-normal. We show how the parameters of our model may be estimated by means of past mortgage deliquency rates.
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Urinary Bladder Evacuaton by means of CIC (clean intermittent catheterization)
MATOUŠOVÁ, Martina
Urinary Bladder Evacuaton by means of CIC (clean intermittent catheterization). This Thesis deals with application of intermittent catheterization in treatment practice. This techique is used both, for clients with neurogenic disorder and clients with non {--} neurogenic disorder of urination. The Thesis was aimed at examination to what extent clients of a urodynamics advisory service are informed about the technique of urinary bladder drainage, whether the clients are able to perform urinary bladder drainage by means of the CIC technique themselves in normal living conditions, how clients using CIC are limited in normal home activities and to compare occurrense of urinary tract infections between clients with CIC and those with pernament catheter. A quantitative research survey method was applied to obtain the data for the Thesis. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire designed for clients of the urodynamics advisory service of the Hospital České Budějovice a.s. 100 questionnaires were distributed from January to March 2009. The return was 87 %. 87 questionnaires were returned, 5 of which had to be rejected for incomplete data. 82 complete filled in questionnaires (100 %) were used for the data processing. Four hypotheses were set. Hypothesis 1, clients are informed on the CIC technique, has been confirmed. Hypothesis 2, clients using CIC technique to drain their bladders have problems with urine evacuation in normal lives, has not been confirmed. Hypothesis 3, clients using the CIC technique are not limited in normal home activities has been confirmed. Hypothesis 4, clients with CIC have lower occurence of urinary tract infections than clients with permanent catheters has been confirmed. The research results will be provided to the Urology Department of Hospital České Budějovice a.s. to improve the care of clients using the CIC technique.
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Esential principles affecting quality provided by nursing care in nurses at home care agencies
RAJTMAJEROVÁ, Pavla
The name this work is The Basic Principles that Affect the Nursing Care of Nurses in the Home Care Agencies. Its target was to find out whether observing the basic principles of a complex home care can, according to nurses, affect the quality of the nursing care. The above principles are: a principle of the support of the society health renewal, a principle of human rights observance, a principle of procedure standardization, a principle of the continuous education of the team members, a principle of ethical aspects and a principle of complexness. Within this work we focused mainly on the last three principles. There is the history of the home care in the present state, its developement and forms of such care, the individual principles have been analysed and the most important ones have been described in detail. A non-standard questionnaire has been used for the research, intended for nurses in the home care agencies. It has been distributed mainly in South Bohemian region and a few questionnaires also in the West Bohemian region. The research showed that all the set hypotheses have been confirmed. The nurses agree that the continuous education, standards application and observation of ethical principles affect the quality of the nursing care. This work can be used as a basis for teaching the communal nursing in all types of communal institutions, which deal with such problems. Further it can serve as a source of interesting information for nurses, who start working in home care agencies. It can also be used for presentations in seminars or conferences for nurses.
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The Use of Natural Sounds and Meditative Music in Freetime Activities of Seniors Living in Sanitary and Social Institutions.
PILARČÍK, Jan
The aim of my Bachelor Degree work is to discover a degree of use of meditative music within leisure activities of seniors living in health-social facilities. The theoretical part hereof consists of three main chapters from which the first one deals with aging, old age, health-social facilities for seniors and their mission. The following chapter is linked to the previous one through its topic of the leisure activities, their need and use within the residence of seniors in the health-social facilities. The last chapter is devoted to music. It represents sound, music and selected musical instruments in a non-traditional way. It refers to an influence of music on a human being as well as the society, on the use in the health industry and ordinary life. It offers using two non-tradition musical instruments {--} didgeridoo and Tibetan singing bowls in the leisure activities of seniors living in the health-social facilities. The practical part hereof deals with an issue as to what extent music and meditative music are used within the leisure activities in senior homes and to what extent and how successfully it should be possible using the meditative music. The quantitative research had been carried out, data collected by means of a directed interview having been conducted always immediately after a life performance of the didgeridoo and Tibetan music bowl players. The research had been carried out at seniors living in senior homes Hvízdal, Máj, Dobrá voda, muss. Strakonice and Senior Club České Budějovice. The research has proven primarily positive effects of the influence of meditative music on immediate psychological condition of seniors and their frequent interest in this kind of music in the future.
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The Aspects of Individual Planning at Innovation of Quality Standards in Homecare Services
HRDINOVÁ, Dana
This paper deals with one of quality standards in homecare services {--} individual planning during the homecare services. It shows principal and content of individual planning during the assistance with a client on present legislative background. It pays attention to homecare services characteristic and specification of its target group, particularly to skills, knowledge and key competences of employees, who are necessary for discovering clients´ personal goals, activating their resources and settling adequate support. There are also integrated theoretical requirements with practical instructions of methods usage and techniques of individual planning during homecare services with communicative and non-communicative clients. These principals are contact, dialog and relationship between key worker and client. The aim of this material is to give proposal for methodical content of individual planning in homecare services, thus set of rules describing course of this process.
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Employment of Visual Handicapped
VASILOVSKÁ, Marcela
The bachelor's thesis deals with persons with visual impairment and with their employment. The work consists of four chapters. In the first chapter, I characterized people with visual disabilities {--} who are visually impaired, when the disability started and its classification. The second chapter describes the acceptance of visual defect in accordance with time and with the stage of facing up to the visual handicap. Further it deals with possibilities of social and work-related rehabilitation and introduces organizations acting in this field. The third chapter deals with education and training. The fourth chapter discusses the problem of employment of the visually impaired, synergy of state and non-profit organizations in the field of employment, and describes projects to assist visually disabled people to apply to the labour market and current possibilities of employment.
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Odhad neznámé variance nelineárního stavového modelu pomocí marginalizovaného particle filteru
Šmídl, Václav
The problem of estimation of unknown covariance matrix of non-linear state-space model is studied. The proposed methodology is based on combination of Extended Kalman Filter with particle filter. It is shown that the approach is promising for limited number of unknown parameters. More demanding problems with completely unknown covariance structures can not be reliably estimated since the observed data do not carry enough information.
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Midwifery home visiting from the point of view of the public
DUŠKOVÁ, Marcela
Due to the Czech Republic's health care system, the need for medical care during pregnancy - even when it is progressing physiologically - has become deeply-rooted in the mind of the public. The theoretical part of this work deals with midwifery in relation to community care. The general theoretical section sums up the roles and competencies of midwives and the forms of their education, both qualifying and lifelong. The following section deals with actual procedures in the care provided by midwives during home visits, according to valid standards issued by CKPA (Czech Midwife Confederation). The questionnaire method, one of quantitative research methods, has been selected for the research part of the work. The questionnaire used consisted of 28 questions and has been processed during April 2009. The sample group was a large group of non-professionals with no limitations by age, gender or place of residence. A total of 150 respondents have been asked for cooperation, and 126 filled questionaries were returned to the researchers. The main goals of the work were determining the public opinion on home visiting by midwives and its necessity. Futhermore, determining the public knowledge of midwife competencies and awareness of the range of midwife services covered by health insurance. The following hypotheses have been examined by the researchers: Hypothesis 1: Expectant mothers prefer gynecologist's care to midwifery. This hypothesis has been confirmed. Hypothesis 2: Women are not interested in home visiting by midwife after the birth. This hypothesis has been refuted. Hypothesis 3: Most of all, women expect high-quality prenatal courses from a midwife. This hypothesis has been refuted as well. Hypothesis 4: Men do not consider home visiting by midwife as valuable for women. This hypothesis has not been confirmed. Hypothesis 5: Women with no access to medical care in their place of residence are in greater need of home visiting by midwife than women with such access. Because of the non-representative distribution of respondents in the sample group, this hypothesis has been neither confirmed nor refuted. Hypothesis 6: The public has no knowledge of the actual competencies of midwives. This hypothesis has been confirmed . Hypothesis 7: The public has no knowledge of the range of midwife care covered by health insurance. This hypothesis has been confirmed as well. This work is of informative nature. It sums up the opinions and knowledge of the public about midwifery. It also helps to outline the uncertainties of the public in this field. The work can be used for public education or as a starting point for future research.
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