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Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. 12th Symposium
Točík, Zdeněk ; Hocek, Michal
In keeping with the main goals of the well-established series, the main topics of the XII NAC symposium covered the synthesis, transformations, physical chemistry, and biological activity of nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides as well as the aspects of their molecular biology in the broader sense.
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Sweet sorghum as a feed component in the complete feed mixtures for fattened rabbits
Lajerová, Martina ; Plachý, Vladimír (advisor) ; Jaromír, Jaromír (referee)
The literary part of the thesis deals with the nutrition of rabbits, their digestive system, nutrients, caecotrophy, nutritional requirements and an overview of suitable feed. The second part of the review describes sorghum, its characteristics, nutritional substances and its use as a feed component in the complete feed mixtures.
The experimental part includes evaluating the appropriateness dried plant sorghum as a feed component with low starch for rabbits. The aim of the study was to determine the nutritional value of sorghum as a feed component in the diet of broiler rabbits.
Dried and milled green mass sorghum was included in two levels (10% and 18%) in the experimental compound feed for fattened Hyla rabbits.
Complete feed mixtures have been compiled, based on the nutritional requirements of rabbits in fattening period. It was administered to 27 animals (9 per group), they were weighed and monitored during the experiment. During the experiment were monitored parameters fattening (growth, feed conversion). Based on analyzes of feed and feces was determined by total digestible nutrients selected. Balance digestibility was calculated as the difference between the nutrient content of the feed and the solid feces, expressed by digestibility coefficient (%).
The best values in the balance sheet amounted digestibility control mixture K. However, the animals thrived and grew well even when fed experimental mixtures C+10 and C+18 represented by dried green mass sorghum. On the basis of the nutritional balance examination it was not possible to disprove the hypothesis that sweet sorghum is appropriate component into complete feed mixtures for fattened rabbits.
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Control Techniques of Grid Connected PWM Rectifiers under Unbalanced Input Voltage Conditions
Bejvl, Martin ; Šimek, Petr ; Škramlík, Jiří ; Valouch, Viktor
Current-controlled voltage source converters are widely used in grid-connected applications,for example at ac drives with indirect frequency converters.The structure and parameters of the PLL are developed and proposed in order to cope with the grid containing both the positive and the negative sequence component, and minimize the wrong frequency transients during phase angle steps and also in the start-up stage. The DSC technique was realised. There is also necessary to compensate the negative sequence component in the grid voltage. The negative sequence component of the grid voltage causes ripple of the dc voltage in the intermediate circuit. Several sophisticated topologies of converter current controller were developed, simulated and tested for this purpose. Results of simulation and experimental tests are provided to evaluate different current control schemes and phase locked loop techniques.
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Examination of HPV as part of cervical cancer prevention
PETŘÍKOVÁ, Petra
Sexually transmitted HPV infection (human papillomavirus), or infection with human papillomavirus, is a decisive factor in cervix carcinoma etiology. Human papillomaviruses are considered to be the most frequent sexually transmitted infection worldwide. In women, the life-long risk of infection is 80%. High-risk genotypes (high-risk HR HPV 16, HPV 18) were classified among carcinogens. The risk of cervix carcinoma in a woman who is HR HPV positive is 100 to 400 times higher compared to a woman who is HR HPV negative. The first part of my thesis contains a brief theoretical overview of HPV history, structure and classification. The next part deals with the ways of HPV transmission and the incubation period of the pathogenic agent in question. The incubation period as well as the replication cycle of the virus depend on the extent of infection and on the status of the immune system. Increased occurrence of papillomavirus infection is found in persons with a damaged component of cell immunity. In the further part of the thesis I focused on the diagnostic procedures and tests proving HPV infection including its clinical manifestations. Continued HPV infection, together with other relevant factors (smoking, immunodeficiency, lack of vitamins, stress, vaginal infection and hormone influence), increases the probability of cervix carcinoma occurrence. Here I also mention the histopathological classification, prognosis and treatment of these tumors. Considering the occurrence of cervix carcinoma, the situation in the CR is not as favorable as in other advanced countries where the screening is more effective. For comparison, the incidence and mortality in the CR are presented within global scale. Further on I attempted to stress the importance of primary prevention, mainly vaccination. The parts of secondary prevention mentioned in the thesis are preventive examinations, colposcopy, oncological cytology, serological methods and HPV test. The aim of my thesis is to emphasize the importance of testing for human papilloma virus HPV tests carried out in high risk group of women aged over 35 years within the system of preventive examinations. However, nowadays these examinations are accomplished just in women with an abnormal cytological finding. My thesis summarizes the quantitative findings as regards HPV tests done on the basis of determining the nucleic acid of human papillomaviruses by hybridization method with enhanced signal using chemiluminiscence detection. The detection of HPV was achieved with the use of the sets hc2 High-Risk HPV DNA Test and hc 2 HPV DNA Test from QIAGEN company. The thesis includes results of the tests for high-risk types of human papillomaviruses (HPV 16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68) found in 767 women over the period from January 1 2010 to December 31 2013. The tests were carried out at the Medical Microbiology Ward of the Hospital Jindřichův Hradec, a joint-stock company. The group of women with already positive cytological finding was divided into six age categories to highlight the high-risk groups of women over 35 and over 65. As I myself belong to the high-risk group over 35, my intention was to prove the hypothesis that the cause of the cytological changes in women over 35 can be attributed to the dangerous types of human papillomavirus. Finally, after carrying out the analysis of the obtained results, I attempted to propose a solution which could be used in practice.
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Optimization of izolation technique utilized for preparation of template material suitable for gene expression analysis of mesenchymal stromal cells from umbilical cord tissue
NOVÁKOVÁ, Zora
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is the main component of the regulation of gene expression in the cell. As the development of techniques of molecular biology proceeds, RNA becomes an important tool for the gene expression analysis in research as well as diagnostic approaches. In contrast to deoxyribonucleic acid, RNA is very unstable and its isolation is tricky. RNA used for the gene expression analysis should fulfill several re foquirements focused especially on its purity. The isolation techniques should ensure effective separation of RNA from other cell components and chemicals used in the process. Currently, several methodologies are employed for the RNA isolation. The most common isolation is guanidine thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform combination called TRIzol or TRI Reagent and the extraction on solid phase so-called the column extraction. This study shows basic knowledge about macromolecule RNA and describes methodologies of RNA extraction from biological material. Spectrophotometry is very common technique used in laboratories. Thus the spectrophotometer is considered according to its speed, accuracy and simplicity of utilization. New improved devices reveal higher accuracy and lower requirements for the sample volume and make huge analyses much easier and more accurate. Getting knowledge about the principle and construction of the device we can improve utilization of the device and interpret the data correctly. In this study basic physical laws and principles concerning electromagnetic radiation and spectrophotometry are described, moreover, the basic model of spectrophotometer and critical parameters for nucleic acid quantification are shown. The aim of the study was to find the methodic approach for the isolation of unlimited amount of RNA of high quality suitable for high-throughput gene expression analysis of mesenchymal stromal cells. In the study several isolation techniques were compared to gain RNA suitable for reverse transcription reaction. These include isolation with guanidine thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform combination and column extraction. In total, yield and purity of RNA isolated by seven kits was compared in relation to the amount of cells used. The study involved comparison of two spectrophotometric devices NanoDrop ND-1000 and BioPhotometer Eppendorf. The accuracy of measurement of the concentration and the purity of RNA, speed, sample volume requirement and the weight of data acquired was compared between tested devices. A set of cell samples containing various number of mesenchymal stromal cells and commercially available RNA were used for testing purposes. The results of the study showed that in case of small cell number samples RNA isolated by column extraction is of higher quality than that isolated by TRI Reagent. From column-based kits the ZR RNA MicroPrep gave the best results the highest yield and purity of isolated RNA. From the spectrophotometric devices tested NanoDrop revealed smaller deviation of measurement, shorter time required for measurement, smaller sample volume requirement and higher weight of acquired data. In summary, ZR RNA MicroPrep and NanoDrop spectrophotometer were selected for preparation of RNA samples suitable for gene expression analysis.
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Determination of recharge zones by means of vegetation water stress based on remote sensing and ground measurements
Duffková, R. ; Brom, J. ; Žížala, D. ; Zemek, František ; Procházka, J. ; Nováková, E. ; Zajíček, A. ; Kvítek, T.
The watershed recharge zones with high soil permeability are critical source zones of non-point agricultural pollution. Their delimitation is the condition of targeted agricultural management in protection zones of water resources. The accelerated water runoff from permeable soils of recharge zones reduces actual evapotranspiration and supports faster formation of vegetation water stress in comparison with other watershed parts. Recharge zones delimitation upon this theory was carried out on a small watershed (partially drained) by a combination of aerial photography in the infrared and optical spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, which provided a basis for modelling of surface energy balance components and crop water stress index (CWSI). The best indicators of vegetation water stress determined by statistical analyzes in order to define recharge zones (arable land with closed stand) were revealed evaporation fraction, CWSI and surface temperature. The results were supported by detailed pedological survey.
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