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Analysis of eating seniors with diabetes mellitus II.type
PETRUSOVÁ, Lenka
This thesis deals with the analysis of eating habits of seniors with Diabetes mellitus type 2. Many seniors with Diabetes mellitus type 2 are introduced to a proper diet either through their Doctor or a nutrition therapist. This diabetic diet assists them in maintaining proper blood glucose levels and helps prevent a variety of diabetic complications. Many diabetics, who understand their illness, begin to make changes in their lifestyles that will help them in the future. More thought is put into their lifestyle and how to improve their quality of life. For example, many diabetics become more active, begin to be more diligent with their dietary choices and discover a new meaning of life.
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Selfmonitoring of Type 1 Diabetes mellitus in adolescents
KORELOVÁ, Andrea
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic, lifelong disease. The younger the patient, the more seriously the disease affects his (her) childhood. The disease brings about a lot of changes, it involves the loss of freedom and independence. Diabetes makes the normal troubles of adolescence even more difficult. Adolescence is a hard stage of life for patients with the type 1 diabetes mellitus because it is a period when the compensation of diabetes is more difficult than in the previous and following stages of life. Regular self-monitoring is one of the crucial tasks. The selfmonitoring is important for the overall compensation of diabetes and also for the clinical results of treatment. Self-monitoring is the process of monitoring and measurement of one´s own glycemia and ketones in blood and sugar and ketones in urine. It enables the diabetic patient a better orientation in the disease and a certain level of independence. Self-monitoring helps parents gain confidence in cure of their children suffering from diabetes. The theoretical part of my thesis deals with the questions of the type 1 diabetes mellitus and the method of self-monitoring. The objective of the practical part was to survey the subjective view of adolescents with the type 1 diabetes mellitus on self-monitoring and the level of their self-reliance. I set hypotheses suggesting that adolescents perceive self-monitoring to be uncomfortable and cannot cope with the procedures independently. These hypotheses were not confirmed in my research. To get relevant data, I used the questionnaire method. I handed out questionnaires to young patients with diabetes aged 13{--}18 years. A letter for patients´ parents asking for their written consent with the research was attached to the questionnaire.
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The Child with obezity - The education of parents
MRZENOVÁ, Jindra
A child with obesity - education of parents In recent years children obesity is taking the character of worldwide epidemics. This tendency is among others caused by the change of eating habits and composition of diet rich in fats and sugars. The occurrence of obesity is further caused by gene base of a child and lifestyle in which the physical activity of children is decreasing and children spend their free time especially in front of televisions and computers. Obesity itself worsens health state and the life quality of a child, who consequently suffers from health and psychical problems. These children are often exposed to laughter and bully by their contemporaries. This condition leads to their effacing themselves to seclusion, feelings of anxiety; the children become solitaires and compensate everything by higher intake of food. Obesity in children is a very hardly curable diagnosis. In quite a lot of them combating obesity is not successful and obesity outlasts in adulthood. Health complications as disorders of joints, diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure or various heart problems are also linked to this disorder. A nurse plays an important role in care of children with obesity. Together with a doctor she works on detecting children with obesity and his or her preventive actions can lead to decreasing of risks and complications connected with children obesity. A nurse educates children and parents about the problem of obesity, possible consequences and complications connected with this diagnosis, and provides advice and emotional support at changes of lifestyle of obese children and their families. The thesis was processed using quantitative research by the method of questioning and the technique of a questionnaire. Researched group was composed of children with obesity or overweight children and their parents. Questionnaires were distributed in outpatient clinics of general practitioners for children and teenagers and also children hospitalized in teaching hospital in Pilsen. We chose two aims of the thesis. First we wanted to find out the parents´ informedness of the problem of obesity and second to find out lifestyle in the family with an obese child. We can conclude that parents are informed of the problem and complications of obesity; however they do not follow healthy lifestyle. Further we chose three hypotheses. Parents are informed of the problem of obesity. This hypothesis was proved. Parents are not informed of complications in connection with obesity in their children. This hypothesis was disproved. Children with obesity do not follow healthy lifestyle principles. This hypothesis was also proved. The results of this thesis research can serve as a study material and are offered to parents who participated in the research.
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Nutrition as primary prevention of preschool children
HLÍZOVÁ, Veronika
The subject of my bachelor project is following: "Nutrition as primary prevention of preschool children". Nutrition, as an important determinant of health, influence the state of health of the organism significantly. On one hand, it could be the nourishment what can cause a negative impact on our health and support an emergence of variety of diseases, primarily those with noninfectious origin. On the other hand, nutrition could act as a prevention for all of these diseases (1). The most unpropitious result of these diseases belongs to cardiovascular and tumorous illnesses, which are the most common cause of death in the Czech Republic. These already mentioned diseases are not typical for preschool children, however, the cruicial factor is that the appeal to nourishment as a primary prevention since this age could decreased the prevalence of these diseases in posterior age (2). Childhood is the time when all habits, and especially eating habits, are learned, when bone tissue is founded, and the organism is intesively growing, which is important because it ifluence the state of health not only in childhood, but certainly in adulthood (3). Nourishment is related to development of illnesses so typical for childhood. The example is obesity; its prevalence constantly increases hand to hand with a risk of development of other very serious diseases, such as above mentioned cardiovascular illnesses or Diabetes Mellitus II. (4). This paper is devided to a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part, firstly, there are explained several basic terms regarding to the main theme of this paper. Forth, it devote to the overall energy intake and also to specific macronutrients and micronutrients including their recommended daily dose for preschool children and the risks threatening when a deficit or an abundance of these nutrients occure. Next chapters deal with individual parts of food pyramid and with a composition of single dishes consumed during the day. Included are also informations about drinking regime and the negative impact of sweetened drinks on health of the organism. The penultimate part decribes an influence of family on children's nourishment because it is the parents who plays the major part on their children's eating habits (5). The last area, included in the theoretical part, deals with problems of diseases based on faulty diet occuring in preschool- aged children. The practical part deals with a qualitative research. The goal of my research was to map out the eating habits by preschool children. The following questions were chosen: 1. What informations about priciples of healthy eating have mothers of the surveyed file? 2. What foodstuff, in view of racional children nourishment, do the children consume? 3. What is the eating regime of this surveyed file in comparison to principles of healthy nourishment? The data collection was done by a form of semistructured interviews; these were realized with mothers of preschool children attending a kindergarten in Kaplice. In total, 14 interviews were performed. The realized interviews were transcribed in to a written form and then coded and categorized with a method called "paper and pencil." From results ensue that the majority of mothers has correct but only superficial informations about healthy nourishment. In view of individual groceries in children's nutrition, white pastry prevail and in contrary, there is a lack of vegetable and fishes. Sweetened drinks are consumed only sporadicaly but sweets and candies are eaten every day by a majority of surveyed children. Frequency of consuming is correct by a majority, but the problem is in an inadequate interval between the last meal and sleeping. There is also a failure in composition of few of the dishes. The drinking regime is adequate by a majority of children. In view of a high importance of nourishment as a primary prevention of many diseases, I would recommend to increase the erudition of mother.
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Paediatric nursing care of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus on insulin pumps.
MARŠÁLKOVÁ, Blanka
The purpose of this thesis was to familiarise the care for the child patient with diabetes mellitus type 1, which is treated using an insulin pump. To highlight not only the positive aspects of this therapy, but also the difficulties that cause the paediatric patients and their parents' fear of change in treatment. The theoretical part comes from academic literature, credible scientific articles and Internet resources. It explains the nature and cause of the disease, highlights the acute and chronic complications, further clarifies the treatment using the insulin pump while it precedes the treatment of insulin pens and does not forget the role of a nurse, who is an irreplaceable element in the treatment and should be an equal partner of the physician and a support for the child and their parents. The empirical part establishes research goals, on which four research questions were based. Data were analysed by qualitative research using half standardized interview techniques, secret observation with content analysis of data. The first objective was to determine whether the family caring for a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus notice differences in care during the transfer from the insulin pen therapy to treatment with insulin pump. The second objective was to set out to determine the readiness of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their parents for treatment with an insulin pump. The third objective was to identify complications occurring in a paediatric patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated using an insulin pump. The fourth objective examined the role of nurses in treating children with type 1 diabetes mellitus using an insulin pen, insulin pump, and the transition from insulin pen therapy to treatment with an insulin pump. The research questions were as follows: 1. What are the differences in perception of family caring for a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus in its transition from Treatment using insulin pen to treatment using insulin pump? 2. Are the children with Type I diabetes and their parents using the given information relating to the change of treatment? 3. What complications occur in a child patient with Type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin pump? 4. What are the roles of nurses in caring for a child with Type I diabetes mellitus treated with insulin pen, insulin pump, which has been transferred from treatment with insulin pen to an insulin pump therapy? Results of the investigation will help children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their parents with better understanding of insulin pump therapy and will be used as a form of presentation during one of the educational meetings.
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