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The analysis of beef cattle herd on family farm
ŠIMÁNKOVÁ, Karolína
The aim of the bachelor thesis was performance evaluation of Simmental breed cattle herd within the period of 2011 2013 on a private farm. The herd consisted of 39 purebred cows as well as crossbred cows. The average lenght of the calving interval was 379.4 days and the age at the first calving was 27.3 months. Herd of calves consisted of 85 pcs. Birth weight and weight at age of 120 and 210 days was studied within group of purebred calves (49 pcs). Herd of calves was categorized by year of birth, by birth order, by sex and by sire. Meat performance and carcass value basic data were obtained within group of fattened animals. Data were statistically processed in Microsoft Excel and evaluated in programme Statistica 12. Average birth weight of calves was 41.69 kg; the average weight in 120 days was 207.86 kg and 320.6 kg in the age of 210 days. Calves reached average daily gain from birth to 120 days 1.38 kg, from birth to 210 days 1.33 kg and from 120 days to 210 days 1.25 kg. When groups of calves were classified by years, statistical differences between birth weights according to year were found. Calves born in 2012 reached the best weights in 120 and 210 days of age (215.80 kg and 327.20 kg respectively). Significant differences were found especially within birth weights according to birth order; particularly within group of first-calf heifers. First born calves average birth weight was 38.25 kg, second born 40.57 kg, third born 43 kg, fourth born 41.82 kg, fifth born 42.10 kg and sixth born calves average birth weight was 47.33 kg (significant differences were found between 1. and 2., 4. and 5., 4. and 6., 2. and 6. birth order ). The average slaughter age of animals reached 561.1 days, the average slaughter weight reached 502.6 kg and the average carcass weight was 316.21 kg. Slaughter weight of bulls reached 559.20 kg and heifers 374.09 kg, observed difference was statistically significant. Statistically significant difference was also found at carcass weight.
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The Specifics of Nurse´s work on a Psychiatric Ward
HŘEBEJKOVÁ, Blanka
Theoretical background Psychiatry belongs to fundamental branches of medicine. Its task consists of diagnostics, treatment and prevention of mental diseases. Psychiatry includes adult psychiatry, child psychiatry and adolescent psychiatry, gerontopsychiatry, psychiatric addictology, psychiatric sexulogy with psychiatric rehabilitation. Nowadays, importance of the psychiatric branch is increasing; according to epidemiologists, we can see a slightly upward trend in the number of psychiatric patients. Work of a nurse in the department of psychiatry differs considerably from work in other standard departments. Such work is demanding both physically and mentally. In the department of psychiatry, it is extremely necessary that the nurse builds up a close relationship with the patient and acquires their confidence. Goals of the thesis The goal of the thesis was to map differences relating to work of a nurse working in the department of psychiatry, to find out what communication skills a nurse working in the department of psychiatry must have and in addition, to find out what the possibilities of further education within the framework of life-long education for nurses working in the branch of psychiatry are available. Methodology The qualitative methodology was applied to the research. The data were obtained by the interview method. Prior to execution of the research as such, the staff nurse was asked for permission and she agreed with execution of the research concerned. In cooperation with the charge nurse and the head nurse of the department of psychiatry, seven interviews with the nurses were made. The interview consisted of twelve questions and was absolutely anonymous. The written records of the interviews were analysed and the results were divided into categories and sub-categories subsequently. Results Based on the research, it was discovered that work of nurses in the department of psychiatry is much different from work thereof in other departments. The nurse working here should be interested in the field and should have good knowledge of the psychiatry-related issues. The nurse working in the department of psychiatry should be competent, resourceful and should be well informed of the patients to be able to perceive early possible changes in their behaviour. In the psychiatric nursing care it is important in particular to communicate correctly with various types of patients. Therefore, it is vital for the nurse to be well versed in mental diseases and symptoms thereof. Behaviour, perception and communication of the psychiatric patient are often affected by the disease as such. There are various communication barriers which the nurse has to cope with. Therefore, the nurse should be able to use all components of verbal as well as non-verbal communication correctly. Preparation for incidents consists of in particular regular training in the area of occupational safety and protection of health at work, fire protection and study of methodological guidelines and standards of the department of psychiatry. Certain preparation for incidents is included as well. There are sufficient possibilities of further education in psychiatric nursing care available. As it followed from the research, the nurses show active interest in education and search therefor independently. The nurses are sufficiently supported by their superiors in the search for suitable educational projects. Conclusion Considering the overall view of the thesis results, it is possible to say that the research questions were answered and the set goals of this thesis were achieved. The results of this bachelor's thesis may serve as supporting source material for lectures on nursing care in departments of psychiatry. In addition, the thesis may serve students as study and source material for their own studies and work.
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Collaboration nurse and family members of patiens with brain injury
LIŠKOVÁ, Sandra
The bachelor thesis deals with the cooperation of nurses and family members of patients with brain injuries. Brain damage is among the most serious injuries a person can have. Brain injuries are the second highest cause of death after abdominal trauma. People often confuse the term head injury with brain injuries. The lasting consequences of these injuries are very severe and often fatal. The skin on the scalp can indeed bleed, but we can only talk about brain injury if there is any actual damage or suppression of the brain issue, which can have many causes.The theoretical part describes the most common injuries of the brain; changes in behavior and fatic disorder in a patient with a brain injury, nursing care of patients with brain injury, communication between the nurse, the patient and his family, and also notes the importance of the nurse patient relationship and the significance of the patient's family. In the theoretical part, we have tried to give comprehensive and understandable information about the cooperation of nurses and family members of patients with brain injuries.For the empirical part of this thesis, a qualitative investigation was chosen. We used the method of data collection in the form of semi-structured interview . The survey was carried out in February 2014. Interviews with correspondents were videotaped and subsequently transcribed and processed by categorization of data. For the process the main category and subcategories were established which are, for clarity, shown in the diagrams . The interviews with correspondents were running at the University Hospital in Motol. After the approval of the matron the research investigation was initiated . Correspondents were asked prepared questions , depending on how the conversation developed, supplementary questions were considered. Interviews with nurses and family members were done separately because of the possible influence the nurses could have upon the family members. All interviews with the nurses and the family members were conducted at the University Hospital in Motol. The duration of the interview was approximately 45 minutes. At the beginning of the meeting with the correspondent, the basis of the interview was outlined and the reason for the interview was explained. None of the corcorrespondents minded the interview being recorded. Each interview was obtained with oral consent and explanation of anonymity.During the processing of the interviews, the method of open coding was used. Each sister and family was assigned a number. Then the answers of the nurses and the family members were numbered in the interviews. The rows have been numbered due to the possibility of referring to them. This method is called "paper and pencil" because of a synoptical process. For example, a nurse said line 3 and it is displayed as N1/3. A total of one main category and seven subcategories were established in both groups of corcorrespondents . The created categories and subcategories can be seen in the diagram one and four. The individual subcategories were depicted in the empirical investigation with the addition of interviews and quotes. The interviews were recorded on a CD, which is part of the thesis.The research sample consisted of two groups. The first group of correspondents consisted of nine nurses aged 24-50 years. Six nurses of all the interviewed completed tertiary education, two correspondents studied at a college and one respondent reached secondary education. Four correspondents were from the Neurosurgical Department, two correspondents from the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (ARO) and three correspondents from the Department of Chronic Resuscitation and Intensive Care (OCHRIP). The second group of the researched sample were relatives. The second group of the study sample was made up of four relatives, in varying relation to the patient, the families were in the age range from 30 years to 68 years.
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The Nuptiality and divorces - Progress from 1970 to these days and comparison with advanced states of EU
Krejčí, Marek ; Fiala, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kačerová, Eva (referee)
The Bachelor's Thesis is focused to the analysis of nuptiality and divorces since 1970. This thesis explains a both demographic processes, indicators and theirs levels and structures. The progress of marriages and divorces is shown by specifically indicators since 1970 to these days. Work outlines existence of seasonality in nuptiality by month and days in week. These present values help to compare with other European country and help to find out condition of Czech Republic. In conclusion, Thesis mentions financial instruments to increase motivation and amount of marriages.
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Effect of pentoxifyllin on advanced dementia with predominated cardiovascular symptoms
Mészárosová, Jitka ; Ďoubal, Stanislav (advisor) ; Náhlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Mrňa, Boris (referee)
The high consumption of Pentoxifyllin in patients suffering from vascular dementia led to a concern and a clinical trial conducted in the nursing home in Česká Kamenice from 2001 to 2004. The retrospective survey was carried out on 176 patients and lasted 12 months. If we consider the currently valid criteria for the diagnosis of vascular dementia, the patients showed an advanced form of the disease. The experiment did not demonstrate any positive influence of treatment on either cardiovascular diseases or the mortality of afflicted patients. Despite the fact that we could expect the medicament to have a favourable influence on the symptoms of the advanced form of vascular dementia it was not proven so. It is absolutely essential for doctors to have good background knowledge of diseases and all kinds of particularities accompanying old age, especially when it comes to the early detection of dementia. High consumption of Pentoxifyllin led to a number of experiments and studies trying to prove its efficiency and hence justify prescripcions for the drug. An extended study carried out in 1996 demonstrated the favourable effects of Pentoxifyllin. Our experiment has also showed signs of improvement in pateints with weaker forms of dementia. Final decision on the suitability of the treatment with...
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Fado in the context of the city Lisbon
Kuhnová, Kristýna ; Matějů, Martin (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor)
The thesis focuses on the Lisbon cultural phenomenon of the traditional urban music, fado, with an emphasis on its professional practice. The paper informs about different cultural/historical approaches to the origins and evolution of fado music in the city of Lisbon, stressing the point of view of the Portuguese musicologist Rui Vieira Nery. It then moves on to explain the impact of dictatorship and later Salazar's fascist regime on the professionalization of fado during the years 1926 - 1974, which entailed a radical change of status of a fadista artist, who was abruptly separated from the original popular practise of fado. The next chapter focuses on the history of specific places of professional fado performance called fado houses, which emerged during the 1930s. The theoretical knowledge of the chapters "History of Fado Music", "Professionalization of Fado Music" and "History of Fado Houses" unites in a case study of a fado house called Mesa de Frades in the historical quarter of Lisbon - Alfama. The case study is based on a two-month field research in the city of Lisbon and aims at fado as a performance genre involving performers and audience in a communicative process using verbal, musical, facial and bodily expression. It includes observation of the musical roles of fado performers and their mode of...
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Nutritive and metabolic aspects at anorexia mentalis.
Vlčková, Magdaléna ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
The thesis deals with the problem of nutritional and metabolic aspects of anorexia nervosa. The general introduction, which consists of the definition of anorexia nervosa according to the International Classification of Diseases, and its characteristics by various authors, is followed by a chapter dedicated to the aetiology of anorexia nervosa, its pathogenesis, incidence, prevalence and therapy. The next chapter concentrates on a malnutrition: various ways of its division and the methods of telling the nutritional state of the patient. Individual methods are described and stratified; the rates which might indicate malnutrition and which may partly imply the anorexia nervosa. In relation to this, the thesis is also concerned with the problem of body energetics observation, especially the energy expenditure. Another chapter pays attention to the mechanisms influencing a food intake on the central level as well as on the peripheral level (hormones and mediators which inhibit or potentiate the food intake). The cardiac section describes the pathophysiology of individual organ systems in relation to the anorexia nervosa (what consequences arise from this disease, concerning the central nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, excretory, gastrointestinal, endocrine and immune system. The following chapter...
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The Result of High Dose Therapy with Peripheral Blood Stemm Cells (PBCs) Support at Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Mecl, Jan ; Špička, Ivan (referee) ; Kořen, Jan (advisor)
The submitted thesis is based on comparison of therapeutical effectivity of two different methods using in multiple myeloma patients for therapy. The best therapy seems to be single or tandem autologous stem cell transplantation ASCT with stimulation and separation of periferal blood stem cells (PBSCs). The stimulation could be done by CFA (cyclofosfamid) or cytostatik combinaňtion, e.g. IVE (ifosfamide, vepeside, epirubicine) in combination with G - CSF (granulocyte - colony - stimulating factor). The question which is not answered is which one of those methods is more effective. And which one of single or tandem ASCT is more profitable if any. The goal of the study is to compare two different methods of stimulation and separation of PBSCs (CFA and IVE). I compare the effectivity from a viewpoint of breeding PBSCs and also time consuming of the separation meňthods. Nobody has done this comparison before us. To separate PBSCs was used COBE Spectra apheresis systém. Spectra is efficient to separate the whole blood into its components. The group for my study were 167 patients with Multiple Myeloma. Part was stimulated with CFA the other part with IVE. In every one of those groups we compare the number of PBSCs represent by CD34+ cells, type and period of several separation methods and also differences between...
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Care for Seniors at Home
TROJÁKOVÁ, Jitka
This thesis deals with problems of taking care about elderly people in domestic surroundings. The work gives an account of experience of people who look after an elderly person in domestic surroundings. The thesis consists of two parts. The first theoretical part is divided into five chapters. In Chapter One the concepts of old age and aging are explained. Next the needs of old age are discussed. Then changes brought about by aging are summarized. Chapter Two explains the importance and role of family in old people's lives. The concept of carer is specified, mainly who can become a carer and what conditions this person should meet. Next, principles of caring for elderly people at home and problems that might arise are discussed. In addition the care for the carer is discussed, what a caring person should do to make their situation easier. Chapter Three gives an overview of support equipment that can be used at home. Chapter Four deals with legal measures related to caring for an elderly relative at home and with the concept of attendance allowance - who is entitled to it, how the level of necessary support is assessed and how much the benefit is. Next equipment and mobility benefits are explained. Last chapter gives a summary of social services that carers can make use of. The other empirical part of this thesis focuses on practical experience of people who care for an elderly person at home. The main question was "What are the factors affecting the care for an elderly person at home?" This question consisted of four partial questions "What does caring for an elderly person include?" "What does a day of a caring person look like?" "What makes caring easier?" "What social services do the carer and the elderly person use?" I choose the method of qualitative research for collecting data. I asked questions and used the technique of semi structured interview. The research group represented four people caring for an elderly relative at home. Each carer had been looking after the elderly relative for at least six months, each elderly person was receiving second level attendance benefit and each carer was willing to cooperate. The information I obtained was processed by the cluster method and then evaluated on the basis of common elements and lastly divided according the four partial research questions. The research answered all the questions. The carers and elderly people were relatives. The carers provided all sort of activities basic health treatment, household chores, handling official issues. Next I focused on health care. It has turned out that all the elderly people except one have a general practitioner in the place where they live and see them according to their current state of health in the accompaniment of the carer. To see a specialist, they usually have to travel about 90 kilometres. The next research question referred to the daily routine of the carer. The research has shown that each day of a carer is the same and that all activities are tailored to the needs of the elderly person. The carers do not have any free time for themselves. As for support equipment for homecare. The next question was whether and if so what social services do the carers use. The research has shown that the carers do not use any social services even though they know this possibility exists. The carers knew about attendance allowance from social workers, general practitioners or colleagues. They use this allowance in different ways for buying medicine, support equipment. In two cases the carers put the allowance money aside. All the respondents know about the mobility allowance, only one of them knows about the allowance for special aids.
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The Role of Nurse in the Prevention of Disease of Civilisation
PAVLOVÁ, Martina
The current state Prevention is a complex care of a patient when we are trying to prevent from the occurrence or development of a disease, or when we want to prevent from its consequences and mitigate them. Recommendations for prevention set by a doctor must be on a scientific basis, and they must be a part of all branches of medicine. Their effectiveness depends on the cooperation between patients and medical staff. The basic and most efficient method of prevention is the health promotion and health education, which is closely associated with it. The term health promotion involves a set of activities and precautions for the purpose of making health better and sustaining it. Diseases of civilisation (hereinafter "DoC") are groups of diseases which are distinguished by their association to our lifestyles. Human body is more and more threatened from unfavourable influences of external environment, such as the quality of atmosphere, work environment and environment itself, the lack of physical movement, unhealthy diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The list of diseases of civilisation varies and changes together with our society and the development of our lifestyles. Among the most common or frequent diseases of current time are cardiovascular diseases, which involve atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery disease and obesity. Furthermore, between civilization diseases include diabetes mellitus type 2 or cancer, etc. The goal of the thesis There are two goals set for this paper. The first goal was to find out what the role of a nurse in the prevention of diseases of civilisation was. The second goal was to find out what the above mentioned role of a nurse was from the point of view of patients. Methodology For the purpose of the research part of this thesis, qualitative research using semistructured interviews was carried out. Respondents were divided into two groups; the first one consisted of eight nurses working at internal medicine and neurological department of the hospital in České Budějovice and a nurse working in a private office of a general practitioner for adult patients. The second group consisted of eight patients of the above mentioned health facilities. Results According to our findings, nurses and patients have different oppinions on the role of a nurse. Nurses in disease prevention see themselves as an equivalent to a doctor when undertaking this practice and giving guidance. The patient speaks only to the nurse who emphasized what they were told by the doctor and reiterated the main points. They make available to them leaflets and brochures or Internet resources. In contrast, most patients see a nurse as a more important source of information than the doctor. Patients have the feeling that the doctor does not have enough time or does not want to be botherd with questions. Rather the patient turns to his nurse, which they sees as more appropriate and someone to whom they can confide in without bothering. Summary The goal of the thesis was to focus on prevention, DoC, and the role of a nurse in the prevention of such diseases, as well as to study this issue, look at it from the point of view of patients and nurses via the interviews carried out in this paper, and to analyse such information. Based on this analysis are published recommendations for nurses and patients.
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