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The role of innate immunity cells in the pathogenesis of celiac disease
Dáňová, Klára ; Palová Jelínková, Lenka (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease which occurs in susceptible individuals after ingestion of food containing gluten. Gluten and its monomeric fraction gliadin induce inflammatory damage of the small intestine by activating the immune cells that react strongly to gluten peptides. Gluten peptides have the ability to activate cells of adaptive as well as innate immune system. This work is focused on the production of interleukin (IL)-1 in antigen presenting cells stimulated with peptic gliadin digest. We found that monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from blood of celiac patients secrete significantly more IL-1α and IL-1β than cells of healthy donors after stimulation with gliadin digest. The gliadin-induced IL-1β expression is controlled by a signaling cascade that includes MAPK kinase family molecules and transcription factor NF-κB. Moreover, we found that the adaptor proteins MyD88 and TRIF as well as Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 play a role in the signaling cascade underlying gliadin-induced IL-1β expression by using murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC). The precursor form of IL-1β in gliadin- stimulated PBMC and murine BMDC is maturated by caspase-1. In celiac PBMC the gliadin- induced maturation and secretion of IL-1β depends on the potassium...
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Claims in insolvency proceedings - obligations of the insolvency practitioner
Plzáková, Nikol ; Moravec, Tomáš (advisor) ; Valenta, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with claims in insolvency proceedings primarily focusing on the obligations of the insolvency practitioner which arise when dealing with these problems. The aim of this study is to map out all the mentioned claims throughout the whole insolvency proceedings and describe the main role of the insolvency practitioner during the process. The analysis was based on regulations of the Act no. 182/2006 Coll., on Bankruptcy and Its Resolution (Insolvency Act), accompanied by fundamental judicatureand thorough literature review. In addition, the results of this work were also interpretations of the lifecycle of claims from their existence in insolvency proceedings to their extinction.
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Parallel single-cell analysis of active caspase-3/7 in apoptotic and non-apoptotic cells
Ledvina, Vojtěch ; Klepárník, Karel
Caspases are proteases that play key role in the process of apoptosis, the programmed\ncell death. Among them, caspase-3 and -7 are main executioner caspases that cleave\nmany vital proteins during apoptosis and after their widespread activation, the process\ncannot be reversed. To analyze caspase-3/7 activation within single cells, a miniaturized\ndevice for parallel analysis of eight samples was developed. The assay is based on the\nmodified luciferin-firefly luciferase bioluminescence (BL) system. Individual\nsuspended cells were collected and transferred into detection microvials using a\nmicromanipulator. The bioluminescence was detected using a photon counting head\nwith cooled photcathode. The LOD suitable for detection of active caspase-3/7 in both\napoptotic and non-apoptotic cells was reached.
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The effect of tick salivary proteins on innate immunity cells
PÁLENÍKOVÁ, Jana
Saliva of Ixodid ticks contains a whole array of pharmacologically active molecules with vasodilatory, antihemostatic, and immunomodulatory activities. This thesis focuses on two types of salivary proteins, serpins and cystatins, and their role in immunomodulation. These protease inhibitors are known to affect many biological functions. To better understand their role in tick saliva we examined their effect on dendritic cells and their ability to modulate the immune response after pathogen infection. As model pathogens, Borrelia spirochetes and tick-borne encephalitis virus were used.
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The Role of Nurses in Colorectal Surgeries
ŠULCOVÁ, Jana
Theoretical basis: The problems in rectal and anal diseases have had rising tendency, especially haemorrhoidal diseases, on which we put emphasis in our bachelor thesis. 37% of adult population suffers from this disease so we may line it up to civilization illnesses. Their treatment involves wide range of medical methods, from the conservative therapy to semi invasive ways of treatment. The semi invasive treatment is well withstood by patients and it can help up to 90% of clients. This bachelor thesis is concerned with specifics of nursing duties in a colorectal surgery. It links with topics like taking faecal specimen, basic methods of endoscopy, communication with patients and giving them information about lifestyle. The theoretical basis describes haemorrhoidal disease and gives brief introduction into causes of its developing, most common symptoms and possible treatments. The aim of the thesis: From the practical point of view we set two tasks. The first one is aimed at specifics of nursing job in a colorectal surgery and the second one tries to monitor how nurses in colorectal surgeries inform patients about healthy lifestyle. We asked two research questions regarding these aims. The first research question is: What are the specifics of the nursing job in the colorectal surgery? The second question concerns how nurses in colorectal surgeries provide information to their patients about healthy lifestyle. Methodology: Regarding the bachelor thesis we decided to choose a form of a qualitative research with using semi structural interviews with practical nurses working in colorectal surgeries. The interviews took place from February 28 2014 to March 15 2014 in five colorectal surgeries in following towns: České Budějovice, Písek, Strakonice, Jindřichův Hradec a Třemošná u Plzně. The focus group was created of 6 nurses working in colorectal surgeries. The interviews were performed and recorded with the consent of all practical nurses involved in the research. All extracted data was arranged and categorised into groups that were consequently analysed. The interviewer´s questions were prepared in advance and some extra questions were asked during the interview. The interview was divided into five areas: Identification questions, role of a nurse, examination methods, recommendation and giving information about lifestyle. Results: The results show the specifics of nursing in colorectal surgeries. We found out that nurses working in colorectal surgeries deal mainly with preparing special medical instruments and devices needed for endoscopic examination. Then they assist doctors during a medical examination and with treatment methods of RBL (Barron´s rubber band ligation) and Hemoron, they manipulate with devices in a surgery, check hygiene measures, do administrative work and keep surgery office running. In other conversation areas practical nurses mostly mentioned sampling of biological materials, mainly blood and faecal specimen taking to be given up to histological examination, preparing patients for an endoscopic exam, communication with patients and attending to the intimacy of patients. Consequently we found out that more than half of the practical nurses pay attention to psychological conditioning of the patient before rectoscopy. The research also revealed some weak spots. More than half of the nurses in the focus group do not inform patients about preparations before anoscope exam. Barely one third of the group said that they inform patients about the natural emptying before the exam. Regarding the issue of giving information about lifestyle, we came to the conclusion that practical nurses, even though they do not have enough time, try to inform patients about physical activities, hygiene care and quality of eating and they do it in sufficient rate. But because of the time constrain they put emphasis only on the essential information.
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Role of Psb28 proteins in the biogenesis of the Photosystem II complex in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
BEČKOVÁ, Martina
The thesis focuses on the role of Psb28 proteins, namely the Psb28-1 and its homolog Psb28-2, in the biogenesis of the Photosystem II complex (PSII) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. The aims of this work were to localize the proteins within the cells, and to determine their function. A fraction of both Psb28 proteins was identified in the monomeric PSII core complexes but most proteins were found in the unassembled protein fraction associated with thylakoid membranes. Psb28-1 was mostly detected as a dimer while Psb28-2 as a monomer. Psb28-1 also differed from Psb28-2 by its higher affinity to the PSII core complex lacking CP43 antenna. Characterization of Psb28-less mutants suggested regulatory function of the proteins in PSII biogenesis in connection with chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. Analysis of preparations isolated using FLAG-tagged versions of Psb28 proteins showed their association with Photosystem II - Photosystem I supercomplexes, especially under increased irradiance, and supported a role of Photosystem I in the PSII biogenesis.
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Evaluation of the effectiveness of teaching vocational subjects depending on physical activity before schooling.
Janošíková, Martina ; Hanušová, Marie (advisor)
The period of transition to secondary school brings substantial changes in the requirements for study obligations, autonomy, communication, expression, or separated from their families in the form of staying at the dormitory. Students enrolled in sport centers, in addition to these changes, still struggling with the responsibilities associated with sport. Because they are students first through fourth grades of secondary schools and secondary vocational schools, an age when image self-I am, what I believe in, arises in interactions with the outside world and their own experience, plays a very important role to influence the environment, educators, teachers and trainers, with which students spend most of their time in practice. This study looks at students comprehensively in terms of personal development as a multifactorial biopsychosocial unit, in terms of cognitive and motivational processes, states and properties from the perspective of social psychology dealing with the interactions, relationships and communication, psychology of individuals within the social group and its importance for the development of the individual . It monitors conditions and educational outcomes in terms of educational psychology, dealing with forming properties, opinions, attitudes and value orientation from the perspective of educational psychology.
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The role of credit rating agencies in 2008/2009 global financial crisis
Andrlíková, Petra ; Půlpán, Karel (referee) ; Teplý, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis aims at the role of rating agencies in the pending economic turmoil. It explains main functions of credit rating agencies (CRAs) with the relation to the 2008/2009 global financial crisis. Furthermore, it describes the proposals and solutions to the current situation on financial markets adopted by regulatory institution in the European Union and the United States, as well as the responses of CRAs on the proposed and adopted regulation. In particular, the work suggests the level of coverage of current amendments in order to prevent such failure in the future. Moreover, the thesis discusses possible solutions and improvements of the CRA business model.
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