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Etiology of traumas of the locomotive apparatus sufferd by seniors and requiring acute rescue solution
HAVLOVÁ, Marie
ETIOLOGY OF TRAUMAS OF THE LOCOMOTIVE APPARATUS SUFFERED BY SENIORS AND REQUIRING ACUTE RESCUE SOLUTION The paper is focused on the research pertaining to injuries of bones, joints and muscles suffered by the senior population. The subject of the research was the injuries occurred in the past five years that were attended to by the medical rescue service. The theoretical part is focused on description of pathophysiological changes of the skeletal and the muscle system that take place at old age, and defines the basic health risk factors and further effects that may lead to injuries. The objective of the empiric part was collection of the information on whose basis the occurrence and the origin of injuries of the locomotive apparatus suffered by seniors will be defined in relation to the actions of the medical rescue service with respect to sex, and description of the household environment conditions or some other effects (such as alcohol and medicines) on occurrence of injuries of the skeleton system, based on which it will be possible to define the measures and the procedures that may be used to reduce occurrence of these types of injuries. The research was performed in the district of České Budějovice on the surveyed set of 214 informants older than 60 years. The selected set was made out on the basis of quota random selection with respect to sex. The reason for selection of this topic was the increasing proportion of actions of the medical rescue service necessitated by injuries suffered at a higher age, and the growing number of hospitalized seniors.
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Vliv povrchů jízdáren na kopyto koně
Farová, Hana
This bacherol thesis is focused on the surfaces stables and their impact on the horse's hooves. The first part deals with the anatomy and physiology of the hooves. There are described important parts of the hooves. Bones, tendons and ligaments. The internal structure of the hooves, which deals with blood supply and innervation. Part of the thesis is devoted to factors acting on the hooves in the different seasons. It describes the factors affecting end of the steps, sensitive of the feet, suitable treatments for the horse's hooves and genetic influences. The next part deals with various surfaces used by the riding halls and their properties. There are described surfaces used in modern equestrian areas. There are mentioned also requirements equestrian disciplines that are specific to each equestrian industry. The conclusion is devoted to practical knowledge of blacksmiths.
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Algorithm of imaging methods of injuries of the neck of the femur in the case of seniors
TOČÍKOVÁ, Miluše
The bachelor thesis deals with the incidence of femoral neck injury in the elderly. The work is divided into a theoretical and practical part. As the number of people of retirement age is growing, the rate of injuries associated with this age group has been increasing as well. It is necessary to accept the idea that age is a stage of human life, which every individual must eventually face. A femoral neck fracture is one of the causes of mortality and morbidity in the elderly. The incidence of this injury has been increasing both in developed countries and in the Czech Republic. A femoral neck fracture represents a threat for mobility and independence of seniors. Some people are then permanently dependent on mobility aids, while others remain in institutional care. The most common cause of femoral neck fractures in the elderly is a fall on their side, which is caused by a complex interaction of external and internal factors. The first imaging method used during a medical examination is sciagraphy, which is one of the oldest methods. It allows physicians to assess the preoperative condition of the hip joint and postoperative check-ups during the treatment by alloplasty or perioperative condition with the use of osteosynthesis. It is beneficial for the above-mentioned group of people to carefully assess the bone metabolism. A healthy bone is constantly reconstructed, it continuously breaks down and a new bone replaces it. With age, the degradation of bone prevails over bone formation and the bone begins to "thin". This disease is called osteoporosis. It is a disease that pertains to the civilisation diseases. It is often only diagnosed at an advanced stage, when it is already increasingly susceptible to fracture incidence. The factors of osteoporosis include an unhealthy lifestyle, hormonal changes in women after menopause, when there is a decrease in the level of calcium, a major weight loss etc. A painless, non-invasive method, by means of which a doctor can obtain comprehensive information about the amount of bone mineral in the examined part of the bone, is a densitometry test, or DXA. This test uses x-rays at two energy levels. The DXA method can be measured as a whole-body mineral content as well as any other part of the body. Other causes, which increase the risk of a femoral neck racture, are bone metastases. The proximal portion of the femur, including the femur neck, metastatically affects especially primary lung cancer, kidney cancer, thyroid, breasts in women and prostate in men. At an early stage, bone metastases are asymptomatic. Clinical symptoms such as pain can occur, when the metastatic process penetrates the periosteum and surroundings of the bone, thereby irritating the neural structures. Another symptom is the emergence of pathological fractures. Bone metastases are helping us uncover laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging methods, which include, for example, scintigraphy. Bone scintigraphy can detect a metastatic process much earlier than X-ray examination. The aim of the work was to describe the principles of individual imaging methods, which help doctors to determine the correct diagnosis, to learn more about the femoral neck injury in the elderly and about causes of their ocurence. Moreover, the two hypotheses were established: 1. The most frequently used method in case of a femoral neck injury is skiagraphic examination. 2. That is why more than a half of femoral neck injuries are diagnosed in the elderly. The practical part was elaborated on the basis of a quantitative research. The data needed for the research were obtained from case studies of patients hospitalized in the orthopedic department of the Hospital Tábor a.s., in the period from 1st April 2014 to 31st March 2015.
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Deformační analýza trabekulární kosti za použití mikrotomografie v čase
Jiroušek, Ondřej ; Zlámal, Petr ; Kytýř, Daniel ; Kroupa, M.
To explore the possibilities of modern X-ray detectors an experimental setup with trabecular bone sample under uni-axial load in special loading device enabling time-lapse tomography was used. The load was applied gradually and after complete tomographic scanning the deformed shape was reconstructed. Collected 3-D images help to study the deformation process of the micro-structure where collapsing of individual trabeculae can be observed and compared to finite element simulations.
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Kalibrace konstitutivního modelu trabekulární kosti na základě nanoindentace
Zlámal, Petr ; Jiroušek, Ondřej ; Němeček, J.
The paper deals with investigation of a trabecular bone behaviour during nanoindentation test. Behavior of trabecular bone is investigated using real nanoindentation and finite element simulation. Two different plasticity criteria for material model of trabeculae are tested, namely von Mises and Drucker-Prager. Von Mises criterium is extended bilinear isotropic hardening. Constants needed for numerical material model are obtained from fitting procedure of a experimetal load-displacement curve.
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Zjišťování mikrostrukturálních vlastností acetabula lidské pánve pomocí mikro-CT
Kytýř, Daniel ; Jiroušek, Ondřej ; Vavřík, Daniel
The paper deals with microstructure investigation of trabecular bone in acetabular region. Trabecular bone microstructure is the main factor of the bone quality and mechanical propertites at macroscopic level. Data from high resolution micro Computed Tomography can be used to reconstruct the complex geometry of the trabecular bone inner structure and interface between bone and implant. The data are usable as for micro-FE modeling as well as for experimental loading tests evaluation.
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Burial rite of hunter DV 16 from paleontology and palaeoethnology point view
Nývltová Fišáková, Miriam ; Sázelová, S.
During the archaeological research, which was made at the locality Dolní Věstonice was uncovered a recessed hut. Compared to the rest of settlement the animals from this object are remarkably distinguishing. The bones of foxes, hares and wolves are closely concetrated to each other, so it seems that they were mostly in the anatomic position and that they are belonging to one individual. In addition these bones are constituing noticeable accumulations around the body of deceased. All animals were hunted in the early spring (February-April), which is resulting from the analysis of the seasonal increaments of the cementum on the roots of teeth. It seems that these animals were probably given to the deceased man, so they could indirectly show the time period of the hunter’s burial.
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