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Reliability Problems in Methods of Residual Creep Life Assessment
Kloc, Luboš ; Sklenička, Václav
The service life of components designed to operate for long periods under loading at elevated temperatures is limited by the creep deformation and fracture phenomena. Possibility of a reliable prediction of the residual creep life is of major practical and economical relevance. A number of approaches has been used for the estimation of the creep damage and residual life; these approaches could be divided into two principal branches. The microscopic methods are based on the microstructural observations of accumulated damage in the samples of material after service, while macroscopic meth- ods use mechanical testing of the samples under some reference conditions. However, both approaches still do not provide enough reliable results for wide practical use, be- cause of result scatter and missing generally applicable models for the creep damage evolution. The most important factors which make the results unreliable are analyzed in the present paper. These are mainly: i) production scatter in the material's properties, ii) inhomogeneity of the material, iii) sampling problem in microscopic methods, iv) extrapolations involved in macroscopic methods. Some suggestions to overcome these problems are made and the need for a new approach and new experimental techniques is presented.
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Role of the chancellor in the foreign policy of the Federal Republic of Germany: Angela Merkel
Farská, Kateřina ; Druláková, Radka (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
This master thesis is concerned with the role of the chancellor in the foreign policy with respect to the institutional possibilities that the German political system provides him, and also with respect to the personality of the chancellor - it strives to answer the question, if it is possible to identify the personality impact in the chancellor foreign policy positions. As the case example the current chancellor Angela Merkel has been chosen, who serves for a period long enough to carry out the research and who is at the same time well-respected personality abroad. The thesis comes to the conclusion that the chancellor has the rights to intervene in the foreign policy and uses those rights. By means of the discourse and content analysis of chancellor's speeches it has been possible to identify foreign policy preferences of the chancellor which can be associated with her personal life experience.
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Seniors in the Zlínský Region - 2015
Český statistický úřad
Number of seniors and their structure in the region and its territorial units based on population statistics (incl. life expectancy and population projection), Population and Housing Census (e.g. marital status, educational attainment, economic activity; seniors housing and households). Social care development (number of pensioners, pensions, care facilities for elderly). Completed with interregional comparisons and cartograms.
Fulltext:  PDF
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Seniors in the Středočeský Region - 2015
Český statistický úřad
Number of seniors and their structure in the region and its territorial units based on population statistics (incl. life expectancy and population projection), Population and Housing Census (e.g. marital status, educational attainment, economic activity; seniors housing and households). Social care development (number of pensioners, pensions, care facilities for elderly). Completed with interregional comparisons and cartograms.
Fulltext: PDF
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Seniors in the Ústecký Region - 2015
Český statistický úřad
Number of seniors and their structure in the region and its territorial units based on population statistics (incl. life expectancy and population projection), Population and Housing Census (e.g. marital status, educational attainment, economic activity; seniors housing and households). Social care development (number of pensioners, pensions, care facilities for elderly). Completed with interregional comparisons and cartograms.
Fulltext: PDF
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Seniors in the Plzeňský Region - 2015
Český statistický úřad
Number of seniors and their structure in the region and its territorial units based on population statistics (incl. life expectancy and population projection), Population and Housing Census (e.g. marital status, educational attainment, economic activity; seniors housing and households). Social care development (number of pensioners, pensions, care facilities for elderly). Completed with interregional comparisons and cartograms.
Fulltext: PDF
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Seniors in the Pardubický Region - 2015
Český statistický úřad ; Dědič, Petr ; Fialová, Hedvika ; Mikanová, Monika
Number of seniors and their structure in the region and its territorial units based on population statistics (incl. life expectancy and population projection), Population and Housing Census (e.g. marital status, educational attainment, economic activity; seniors housing and households). Social care development (number of pensioners, pensions, care facilities for elderly). Completed with interregional comparisons and cartograms.
Fulltext: PDF
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Seniors in the Olomoucký Region - 2015
Český statistický úřad
Number of seniors and their structure in the region and its territorial units based on population statistics (incl. life expectancy and population projection), Population and Housing Census (e.g. marital status, educational attainment, economic activity; seniors housing and households). Social care development (number of pensioners, pensions, care facilities for elderly). Completed with interregional comparisons and cartograms.
Fulltext: PDF
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Seniors in the Moravskoslezský Region - 2015
Český statistický úřad
Number of seniors and their structure in the region and its territorial units based on population statistics (incl. life expectancy and population projection), Population and Housing Census (e.g. marital status, educational attainment, economic activity; seniors housing and households). Social care development (number of pensioners, pensions, care facilities for elderly). Completed with interregional comparisons and cartograms.
Fulltext: PDF
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Nutrition of pregnant - reccomendation and reality
FAJMONOVÁ, Simona
For my bachelor thesis I have chosen the theme : Nutrition of pregnant women recommendations and reality. The theoretical part includes the specifics of nutrition in preconception period and pregnancy, risk groups of pregnant women, high-risk behavior and a chapter about dietary supplementation in pregnancy. Pregnancy is an important period in a woman's life. The changes that accompany pregnancy also impose increased demands on the supply of the body with nutrients. I have chosen the method of a survey for the processing of the research part of my thesis. The practical part includes the results of the survey, which was attended by 80 women in the 7th-9th month of pregnancy. The questionnaire asked for basic information besides the weight, height and weight gain in pregnancy, also eating habits, fluid intake, inadequate habits (alcohol, smoking), use of dietary supplements, awareness of pregnant women and their physical activity. The questionnaires were processed in Microsoft Excel using tables and graphs. All collected pieces of information about dietary habits were compared with the recommendations for pregnant women. The aim of this thesis was to find out what is the reality of eating habits of pregnant women compared with recommendations. Another aim was to determine, whether pregnant women are well informed about the nutrition recommendations during their pregnancy and where they get the information from. Further aim was to explore, whether pregnant women use nutritional supplements before or during pregnancy and what kind of them. The last aim was to determine some of the bad habits during pregnancy (e.g. alcohol , smoking). The results of the questionnaire survey showed that by the majority of pregnant women the reality and recommendations coincided in water intake and beverage preference. Most of them preferred water or tea. Coffee consumption was also by the majority of them problem-free. Eating meat and eggs corresponded with the recommendations for a large group of respondents. As for legumes, fish and fish products, their consumption corresponded with the recommendations by only about half of the women. Eating fruits and vegetables were in the majority of pregnant women unfortunately insufficient as well as the consumption of milk and dairy products, nuts and seeds. It would be very appropriate to increase consumption of these groups of food. Conversely, the consumption of sausages and sweets, which turned out to be more frequent, should be reduced . Most women were well informed about the nutrition recommendations during their pregnancy, in most cases from the media or pregnancy counseling from a doctor. Here, I would suggest creating a website for pregnant women offering really reliable information. Nutritional supplements related to pregnancy were used by about half of the respondents. Only less than a half of the surveyed women supplemented folic acid in preconception period. I would suggest to create some information leaflets about the suitability of folic acid supplementation in preconception period and place them in the gynecological outpatient's clinics . Pregnant women ordinarily didn't smoke and consume alcohol. Occasional alcohol consumption stated 14 % of women. It seems that women are informed enough about the risk of smoking and alcohol consumption.
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