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Nové postupy biomonitoringu cizorodých látek ve vodním prostředí
ČERVENÝ, Daniel
Within the presented work, several approaches of biomonitoring were studied. A well-established method for human health risk assessment was applied to evaluate the quality of fish from open waters in the Czech Republic. As this work is targeted on sport fishermen, who frequently consume their own catches, besides the publication in scientific journal, a brochure with results of this study was distributed via the Czech Fishing Union. Health risks for consumers related to the consumption of wild fish were found strongly species and locality dependent. As there is no risks related with the consumption of carp (Cyprinus carpio) at all investigated sites, frequent consumption of predatory fish should be avoided at some fishing grounds. The use of passive samplers has become more and more attractive in the last two decades. As these devices are able to mimic the biological uptake of chemicals, their potential for replacing fish as bioindicators in routine biomonitoring programmes is evident. In our study, the comparison between analysis of fish tissues and POCIS extracts from selected sampling sites confirms this idea about interchangeability of these indicators in the case of PFASs as target pollutants. Moreover, no metabolic transformation of contaminants present in water take place in passive samplers contrary to living organisms, thus these reflect the actual contamination at the locality more precisely. The use of passive samplers completely fulfils the internationally accepted principles of Replacement, Reduction, Refinement (the three R´s). Another promising approach using YOY fish as bioindicators was evaluated within the present study. Multispecies samples of YOY fish homogenate was found as a better indicator for wide range of pollutants than muscle tissue of adult fish within one species from the same locality. As all inner organs and tissues are presented in analysed samples, more target pollutants in higher concentrations are detected compared to the muscle of adults. Besides the higher sensitivity in pollutants detection and quantification, practical and economic benefits are of concern in the case of the YOY fish approach. The YOY fish approach also particularly fulfil the three R´s strategy, as sampling of this age group of fish has a smaller impact on the environment than the sampling of adults. In case of mercury, that was found as a limiting contaminant for the consumption of fish from open waters in the Czech Republic, a nonlethal method of finclips sampling can be used for the monitoring of this compound in aquatic environments. Besides the monitoring, our optimised method for the estimation of muscle tissue concentrations could be used for human health risk assessment as well. The difference between real muscle concentrations and concentrations estimated using our method differs less than 10% in most of the investigated localities. Benthic organisms are an important part of the food web in aquatic environments, but insufficient information about its contamination is available. In another study included in this thesis, first evidence about bioaccumulation of certain pharmaceuticals in benthic organisms was described. Although, pharmaceuticals are generally considered to be not accumulative in organisms, our study proved that certain pharmaceuticals have bioaccumulation potential. From this finding, it is evident that not only the concentrations of pharmaceutical dissolved in water but also the diet represents an important exposure pathway of contamination by these compounds for organisms (fish) inhabiting aquatic environments.
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New methods of the thermal insulation of older buildings
Žoha, Marek ; Kic, Pavel (advisor) ; Přikryl, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with the problems of insulating older buildings. The goal of this work is to evaluate the conditions of interior environement of stables for breeding hens and to propose an improvement of its thermal properties. The first chapter describes findings from literature about individual methods of insulating buildings. The second chapter describes the basic methodology and the principle of used measurements of the technical properties of the stable for breeding hens. In the third chapter there are evaluations of the measurements and necessary calculations for the improvement of thermal properties of the building. The last chapter lists the economic evaluation of the proposed insulation method of the building in respect to the egg production and feed consumption.
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Verification of a New Canine Training Method for the Human Scent Identification
Haffner, Martin ; Pinc, Ludvík (advisor) ; Jaroslav, Jaroslav (referee)
Scent identification is a forensic method which is used in many countries. Principle of this method is always the same, but in each country are used different processes. This method is based on comparison of an odor collected at the crime scene and an odor collected from the suspect.
The aim of this study was to verify new methodology designed by Dr. Adee Schoon. This method consists of different dog training methodologies. In the commonly used method the dog gets an odor from his handler to sniff at before each particular line-up. This is match to sample method. That means the dog is able to compare two samples from the same person. In the modified methodology a dog once sniffs at the single odor placed on the ground. After distracting odors are added the dog is supposed to alert to the matching odor again. Thus the method under testing is more like based on the detection of target odor than on match-to-sample scenario.
Human odor samples were collected from palms of hands, metal tubes and the object belonging to the same person. Experimental persons were asked to wash their hands and let them to dry freely. At first, sorbent material Aratex was placed to palms of these persons for fifteen minutes and then it was closed and sealed in odorless glass jars. Then the metal tubes were given to hold to experimental persons for five minutes. After this time metal tubes were placed into glass jars with odorless Aratex which was later used as scent samples. The metal tubes were removed from glass jars after thirty minutes. Scent samples from objects were collected similarly as from metal tubes, these samples served as a corpus delict. The starting scent samples and target scent samples were collected by a different persons. Additional odors were collected using the same protocol and under similar conditions, so none of the odor samples in a line-up were more attractive for the dog than the others.
For the training three years old female belgian shepherd malinois was used, trained by the author of the project. Intrinsic matching procedure was always three times repeated. At first, the dog sniffed at the scent sample from the palms of hands. The line-up was arranged of scent samples collected from metal tubes and objects. One of these scent samples was the target scent (metal tubes). After comparison of metal tubes scents, the target scent was replaced by a scent sample collected from corpus delicti. In case the dog correctly indicated target scent, the result was recorded as correct.
For statistical evaluation Bernoulli distribution was used (P < 0.01). Over the whole experiment only one dog was used, and so it cannot be concluded that this method is easier for the dog than the traditional one, however the study demonstrated that such a method is basically usable as a tool by which dogs can be trained to identify individual human scents. Fischer´s test did not show any differences between comparisons based on the type of an object.
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Analysis of Situation of Non-governmental Organizations in the Sphere of Consumer Protection
HORILOVÁ, Veronika
The consumer protection is very topical area because it has reference to the majority of citizens which are consumers, producers and also salespersons. Shoping and using services is everyday activity for all of us but it bears some risks to shoppers especially from sellers and that is why should be the consumer protection priority for every one and the society should take actions to improve it. The role of consumer organizations is crucial as the role as agency which offer important information and gives advice to the consumers in situation in which their rights are in repressed or in danger. Those organizations are participating in the education of consumers. The main objective of the diploma paper {$\neg$}{\clq}qThe analysis of the position of non-governmental organizations in the area of consumer protection`` is to implement the research in area of knowledge of consumer organizations from the side of consumers and the research of consumer interest in membership in such organizations. The fragmental objectives were to evaluate the contemporary situation in consumer organization in the Czech market using the questionary research and propose the possible solutions that will help to improve the present state. The theoretical part refers to the consumer protection. In the practical part are discribed best known consumer organizations in the Czech Republic. There are also characterised results from the questionary research and from the comperative analysis of main actions of organizations. The results of the questionary research showed that the consumer protection is not strong enough. The problems are not only legislative, but the main problem is that consumers aren´t informed enough about their rights and about consumer organizations. My suggestions faces particularly for better awareness of consumers about consumer organizations and their role in the Czech market. My recommendations are to improve awareness of consumers from the side of consumer organizations, and their rights by using of communication medias and to introduce new ways of propagation of consumer organizations. Very important is also the good motivation for new members in those organizations etc. The level of the consumer protection is not still on the same high level as in the more advanced states in EU. The consumers have not big consciousness of the consumer organizations and their role in the market and of the possible help from the side of those organizations.
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Nové perspektivy uplatnění ICT v oblasti sledování a hodnocení vztahů zákazníka a poskytovatele v procesu obchodování
Chalupová, Naděžda
Dissertation thesis deals with new possibilities of information and communication technologies (ICT) using during watching and evaluating of consumer and his relation to provider. The consumer is thought to be every shopper, apart from the fact, if he is really consuming bought products or no. In contemporary economical environment the customer is a central point of interest of every market-behaving subjects, therefore it is necessary for businesses to attend to relation with customer watching, evaluating and management. In conjunction with rapid ICT development, new possibilities how to simplify some from these activities or to practice these activities fully automatically, are opening out for companies. Contemporary approaches to interaction monitoring of subjects participating in trading process and also current situation of its application in businesses, both in Czech Republic and in European Union, are mapped in this thesis. Analytical methods, to whose principles, properties and using possibilities are given here attention too, create the essence of entrepreneurial subjects and their clients relations monitoring. One of relation with customer watching and evaluating possibilities is determination of customer value, to which is fundamental part of the thesis addicted. The approaches to its determination, where reality reflection is not very evident, are briefly analyzed at first. On the basis of this limitation and with respect of real availability of required data, new model of customer value indicator determination was designed. What can be expected from this quantity and what are its advantages, is introduced in the thesis. Exact methods of its calculation and interpretation possibilities of acquired value including its integration into software system for managerial decision-making support are more detailed clarified here especially.
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Effect of New Positron Radiopharmaceutical Shielding Equipment on Radiation Load Reduction of PET Centre Personnel.
MAŇASOVÁ, Olga
The bachelor thesis focuses on radiation protection of nuclear medicine personnel while using positron radiopharmaceuticals. The thesis is aimed at evaluating efficient and equivalent doses of PET centre personnel at Na Homolce Hospital where new shielding equipment with an activity dosing device was installed in 2006. Positron radiopharmaceuticals are characterized by emission of 2 annihilation gamma photons of high energy (511 keV) that are created upon interaction of a positron with an electron. Due to the high energies, radiological personnel receives higher radiation loads than upon application of common, particularly technecium-based radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine. The methodology consists in comparing efficient and equivalent doses before and after installation of the new shielding equipment. On base of results we can state that the doses to personnel were significantly reduced after installation of new shielding equipment. The doses were reduced by half during three years. New shielding is relevant from optimalization of radiation protection perspective. Statistical processing and graphic illustrations form part of the bachelor thesis.
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A new production technology of a rotational part
Sychra, Jiří ; Fiala, Zdeněk (referee) ; Píška, Miroslav (advisor)
This master’s thesis is focused on a new production technology of a rotational part. The SolidWorks software was used for create the component design. According to the proposed models, CNC program using parametric programming using mathematical functions was created in the CNC Syntax Editor Free Edition program. The final step was the experimental verification of the functionality and components compared with other type and the economical evaluation of manufactured components.
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