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Where is the legal protection of animals heading for?
Müllerová, Hana
In the last decades, the society worldwide becomes more sensitive to animal suffering and this new ethical approach has already been deeply reflected by law. In many states, an increasing interest in animal issues mirrors in the civil, constitutional, criminal and administrative law, in order to ensure the animals better living conditions. Now, new voices call for recognizing animal rights as rights similar to basic human rights, to get even stronger position of animals in law. The paper shows that the legal treatment of animals is coming to an intersection, with an open question, to what direction will the future animal protection head for.
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Risk-Sensitive and Average Optimality in Markov Decision Processes
Sladký, Karel
This contribution is devoted to the risk-sensitive optimality criteria in finite state Markov Decision Processes. At first, we rederive necessary and sufficient conditions for average optimality of (classical) risk-neutral unichain models. This approach is then extended to the risk-sensitive case, i.e., when expectation of the stream of one-stage costs (or rewards) generated by a Markov chain is evaluated by an exponential utility function. We restrict ourselves on irreducible or unichain Markov models where risk-sensitive average optimality is independent of the starting state. As we show this problem is closely related to solution of (nonlinear) Poissonian equations and their connections with nonnegative matrices.
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Funding costs and loan pricing by multinational bank affiliates
Derviz, Alexis ; Raková, Marie
Writers conduct a theoretical and empirical investigation of the influence which the financial condition of a multinational bank group may have on the lending rates of its affiliates. Tehy first propose a model of bank lending to risky clients in which the implicit opportunity costs of lending by a foreign bank affiliate are influenced by the abundance/scarcity of funds within the multinational conglomerate. They then formulate an empirical model of the spread charged by the affiliate to clients over the local interbank rate as a function of affiliate-level controls and a parent influence variable.
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Fyzickálně-chemický model homogezovaného procesu taveného skla
Němec, Lubomír ; Jebavá, M.
The contemporary approach to melting process improving leads to melting modeling either by complex models working under real conditions or by simplified partial models which are well adjustable and may be completed into more complex models according to actual need. The second way is more promising when trying to find non-traditional arrangements of the melting process or when solving partial melting or vitrification problems. The system of models involves models of glass melt behavior, particle behavior and particle or component distribution in the melt. The modular system of models allows to realize the tailored model. The examples of model completing and using are presented.
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Kinetic behavior of the NAD(P)H:Quinone oxidoreductase WrbA from Escherichia coli.
KISHKO, Iryna
This Ph.D. thesis addresses the structure-function relationship of the multimeric oxidoreductase WrbA with the principal aim being the explanation of the unusual kinetics of this enzyme in molecular terms, and thus getting an insight about its physiological role in bacteria. WrbA is a multimeric enzyme with FMN as a co-factor, catalyzing the oxidation of NADH by a two electrons transfer. Structure and function analysis of WrbA places this enzyme between bacterial flavodoxins and eukaryotic oxidoreductases in terms of its evolutionary relationship. The kinetic activity of WrbA was studied under varying conditions such as temperature, pH etc, and its kinetic mechanism was evaluated from parameters KM and Vmax and confirmed by product inhibition pattern experiments. Crystallization and proteolytic experiments also underpin the functional importance of the multimeric nature of WrbA and aid the understanding of the physiological role of this enzyme in molecular terms.
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Masaryk´s Concept of Realism - An Attempt for the Insight into Its Roots, Theory and Influence
Neudorflová, Marie L.
Masaryk´s realism was a response to insufficient knowledge on society and its problems. In its basis was a struggle for scientific knowledge in relation to important areas of society life through methods used in anumber of disciplines. Masaryk viewed relevant and thorough knowledge about society and its problems, needs and possibilities as a condition for its positive development and foe democratization. In this respect he influenced a part of young generation.
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The consequences of childhood spent in orphanage on the individual's life
RÁČKOVÁ, Zdeňka
The goal of presenting bachelor work is find out the consequences of childhood spent in children´s home and how much are the people from children´s homes satisfied with their current lives. The theoretical part of bachelor work deals with the topics which are connected with consequences that come from the childhood spent in children´s home and mental deprivation. This part is divided into three bigger parts. First is about the family, the family´s functions, the characteristics and the influence on socialization of the child. Then dysfunctional and afunctional families are defined. The second part is about the constitutional care and children´s home the boarding and the family type. The next part compares the constitutional education with the family education.The last part is focused on mental deprivation, its conditions and consequences. The practical part contains the qualitative research. The respondents were five people who spent their childhood in children´s home. The method of research is half-structured interview plus the method line of the life. The research tried to find out the consequences of childhood spent in children´s home and the satisfaction the respondents with their current lives.
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Cooperation with clients´ families in the Retirement Home Třebíč during the period of adaptation process
DOLEČKOVÁ, Olga
In the Bachelor´s Thesis I devote my attention to the issues concerning adaptation process of a senior starting in a long - stay social service - the Retirement Home Třebíč - in connection with cooperation with family members. The issues regarding old age, the elderly in need of help from others, are becoming more and more important in today´s society. This fact is closely linked with the increase in human life span. In the theoretical part I defined the terms: old age, age division, and the changes that take place in this inherent developmental stage of life. In addition, I dealt with the active process of adaptation to novel living conditions, and the symptoms of maladaptation. In the following chapter I described a family, its functions in today?s society, and the family relationships. I defined social protection and social services set in the legislative frame, as well as problems regarding registration of social services. I described the Retirement Home Třebíč, where the research took place, and the process of individual planning, whose component user´s adaptation is. The way in which adaptation takes place, how often and the manner in which family members cooperate with a senior and the staff of the organization is very important during this period. I devoted the research part of my Bachelor´s thesis to this particular area. In order to describe the cooperation I used qualitative research with the method of questioning, the technique of a semi-structured interview. There were eight respondents; family members, instructors of social services, and key workers, participating in the research. The results confirmed that a family´s cooperation proves to be a key area when looking into adaptation in a retirement home. If a family does not cooperate or in case of a lonely senior, this role is to be supplemented by staff of the retirement home. It is up to them whether they can eliminate the potential impact of social maladaptation on the senior. The results of the research confirmed that it is important to support cooperation between families and the users of social service, so that a life in a retirement home resembles the one in a natural environment before their arrival as much as possible.
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Social contacts of seniors above 70 years of age
BABORÁKOVÁ, Kateřina
In my Diploma Thesis, I focused on quality and quantity of the social contacts of elderly persons above 70 years of age. This Diploma Thesis is divided into two parts. Part one is a theoretical application of terms age and aging, demographical aging of the current population, age conditioned changes, needs of elderly, socio-psychological aspects of age, social substance of age and the important meaning of elderly life. And last but not least is elderly welfare and social security scheme. The second part is practical. Another target of my thesis is to ascertain elderly above 70 years of age suppositions to establish social contacts and relationships, and what are the contact?s quantity and quality in their surroundings and how are they satisfied with those contacts. I have compared results in three different environments in which the elderly live. To achieve set targets I chose qualitative research. This research had three sections: identification questions, questions in accordance with WHO DAS II scale and open questioning. Elemental company made a group of thirty elderly persons between 70 ? 85 years of age. I approached those seniors in their common environment, in a nursing home or home for the elderly. The research results showed that social contacts are fully dependent on family functionality and friendly contacts. A senior who has lost his or her life partner often loses even many social contacts. This fact may even contribute to social isolation, which significantly affects the individual's state of health. Elderly are also insufficiently informed about opportunities to establish social contacts. This fact also negatively affects their socialization.
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The process of family coping with the birth of a child with severe disabilities.
POLÍVKOVÁ, Lucie
The subject of this work is how a family copes with a childbirth in case the child is handicapped. In the theoretical part I focus on the family, on its functions, roles, its relationships and on its functions as a system. Furthermore I write about etiology, handicap classification and about family and handicapped child. The object of this work is to find out which factors influence the process of conciliation with the fact that a handicapped child was born (parent's age and education, attitude of other family members, attitude of medical staff and the way of telling information to parents) and to verify whether parents get enough information about their child's condition, whether they understand it and whether acceptation of handicapped child by family means new dimension of their life. In practical part I use qualitative research to find aims in five different families. Data collection was realized via half-structured interview and narative research with parents, in one case with a sibling and in another case even in presence of the handicapped person. Results of the research point out that neither age nor education are important and influencing factor, the attitude of family members is partially important, however the attitude of medical staff and the way of telling information is a very important factor. Understanding of information about child's condition and its sufficiency turned out to be individual. Nevertheless all families agreed that they see the handicap as a new dimension of life.
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