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Zimování včelstva
Babica, Ondřej
In the breeding of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.), the good health of the bee colony is an important prerequisite for successful overwintering. The condition of the colonies is affected by environmental influences, the influence of genetics or the health status of the bees. Well-developed pharyngeal glands allow bee feeders to provide developing larvae with quality royal jelly. The longevity of the winter generation of bees is influenced by a many of physiological factors, which distinguish them from summer short-lived bees. The main factors of longevity appear to be the level of proteins in the hemolymph, especially vitellogenin, the level of juvenile hormone or the pheromone ethyl oleate. The natural immune system or the effects of oxidative stress also play an important role in the overwintering of colonies. Recently, overwintering is threatened by viral infections transmitted by varroa mite.
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Dispersion and survival of Moorhen (Gallinula choloropus) in urban habitats
Vodičková, Barbora ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
Presence of Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) in Prague is a long known fact. Mapping and data collecting of this species during winter is on a low level, so there is not many information about its winter behavior. Present climate change brings not only a change in climate, but in combination with rapid urbanization, also big changes in environment. Wintering locations are moving to the north due to higher temperatures, and also to the cities. This could be fatal for many individuals. Weather is unpredictable and during wintering season of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 there were very unorthodox winter conditions, which had a significant impact on bird population in Prague. During winter 2016/2017 there were extermely low temperatures with median deep below zero degrees Celsius in combination with large snow coverage. Winter 2017/2018 was overall good for surviving. Reason for great decline in numbers was caused not only by climate and weather conditions, but also by wrongly chosen wintering location. Unique locality of Zoological garden of Prague in Troja district, offers safe shelter even during extreme weather conditions such as freezing cold temperatures. According to statistics , this location is best suited for survival. Keywords: wintering, Common Moorhen, weather, still waters, rivers,...
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Chroust maďálový (Melolontha hippocastani Fabr.) významný škůdce lesních porostů v území LS Choceň
Hejda, Vojtěch
The thesis deals with overwintering and swarming may beetle Melolontha hippocastani Fabr. on the ground High under the forest management Choceň. Control methods for detection of hibernating adults are soil probe and for the course swarming are catch sails. Measured data were used to evaluate during wintering and swarming. The results were compared with values from the weather station which sense the temperature of the soil and air. From the results it is recommended the need to refine the currently used procedures in the control and protection of forests against may beetle.
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Srovnání vývoje a produkce včelstev zimovaných na zásobách z invertního a řepného cukru
Musila, Jan
This thesis is focused on nutrition specifics of honeybee (Apis mellifera) and its ontogenetic stages, particularly on carbohydrates. The effects of sugar beet saccharose and invert syrup made from sugar beet as feeds for winter stores supply on overwintering, bee colony condition in early spring and the consequent honey yield were evaluated. In total, 70 bee colonies were included in the field experiment. The experiment was made on 6 apiaries in 4 locations within the Czech Republic. The thesis deals with particular tasks associated with chemical components which have negative impact on honeybee and which might occur in artificial feeds. It suggests potential solution of their appearance reduction in bee feeds. Problematics of honey adulteration regarding the type of used bee feed are discussed.
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Numbers of non-native waterfowl species in Europe
Hodková, Veronika ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Šťastný, Karel (referee)
The Thesis is treating the spreading of non-native waterfowl species into new ecosystems and factors, which influence that process. The impact of selected eco-geographic characteristics on the species diversity and on the numbers of non-native waterfowl individuals was analyzed on the results of the International Waterbird Census. Further, the influence of those characteristics on the numbers and population trends of selected 11 species of the Anatidae family in 17 European countries was assessed. The highest non-native waterfowl species diversity was recorded in countries of the Atlantic coast, i.e. France, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and also Switzerland. The main positive influence on their numbers makes the density of population and species diversity of wintering waterfowl. As to the number of non-native species individuals the main impact is produced by both, species diversity and the given latitude, too. It means that the largest number of individual exist in northern countries - Great Britain, Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands. Similar main influences have been traced with the family Anatidae, too, which have received special attention in the analysis, as it shows the highest number of non- native species. As to the main eco-geographic characteristics, having impact on the growth or...
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VARIOBN IN WINTERING NUMBERS OF GREAT CORMORANT ON SELECTED ROOST SIZES IN CENTRAL BOHEMIA
Dušek, Ondřej ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Zasadil, Petr (referee)
The study is based on summarization of current knowledge on population development of Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) in Europe and in Czech Republic. Moreoverr, it is focused on assessment of methodical approach to monitoring of wintering population. The Great Cormorant is regularly wintering species in the Czech Republic, since 1985. Nevertheless, it exceeds 1000 individuals since 1993 up to now. The surveys aimed at Cormorant numbers are compared according, results and interpretation of outputs methodology. The compared surveys include both International Waterbird Census carried out by ornithologists and survey organized by Czech Anglers Association.
Moreover, the results of the own field survey are analysed in the paper. The field survey was carried out in Veltrubský luh (village Pňov Předhradí, district Kolín, Central Bohemia) during winter months (December to March) 2015/2016. The numbers varied between 0 and 79. The fluctuations were affected by tree cutting, walking of people as well as by direct cormorant disturbance by local anglers. Nevertheless, the numbers reached between 59 and 78 in days without disturbance. Moreover, regular occurrence of great Cormorants was confirmed also in another neighbouring sites, such as in Poděbrady lake, sand pit lake Samberk, lake Sadská and Žehuňský fishpond.
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Vliv typu zimního krmiva na kondici, následný růst a produkci včelstva
Musila, Jan
This thesis deals with an evaluation of differences between feedstuffs which are used for winter restocking of bee-colonies. This was done with the help of comprehensive both literary and laboratory analysis and field experiments. It defines primary, secondary and terciary sources of food. It deals with the problematics of content and forming of hydroxymethylfurfural in bees' food, it clearly characterizes glycidic types of feedstuffs, their development and risk of false honey production which is connected with it. This thesis also focuses on the specifics of honeybee's nutrition and its stages of development. Special attention was paid on sacharide components of these feedstuffs. The thesis brings intermediate results of fields experiment of wintering skills at 6 stands at 3 various locations in the Czech Republic. It also presents a chemical analysis of feedstuffs. In conclusion there are evaluated present findings and results of specialized experiments and studies, explaining the problematics of nutrition, feedstuffs and also genetics-based immunity and detoxication of honeybee, together with the results of experiment, which was performed within this thesis. Key words: honeybee, bee feedstuffs, sacharides, HMF, wintering
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