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The growth of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) SCOP). biomass in salt contaminate soil - a greenhouse experiment
Nováková, Markéta ; Gajdová, Iveta ; Šerá, Božena
Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) SCOP.) is not registered on the list of Ellenbergs halophytic plant species. Despite it is a frequent species commonly growing along the roads on salt contaminated soils. The tests in the greenhouse were focused on finding the values of salinity in which Large crabgrass may produce biomass. Standard soil substrate contaminated by salt NaCl in the range from 0.12 % to 1.96 % was used. Tests have shown successful growth of underground and aboveground biomasses of tested plants in soil contaminated by lower concentrations of salt. Some plants despite the loss of biomass at higher concentrations were able to create generative organs with seeds. It was documented that Large crabgrass is a facultative halophyte.
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Výzkum škodlivých činitelů rostlin zaměřený na spolehlivou diagnostiku‚ na hodnocení stupně odolnosti rostlin a na preventivní a kurativní ochranná opatření
Výzkumný ústav Silva Taroucy pro krajinu a okrasné zahradnictví, Průhonice ; Vejsadová, Hana ; Šedivá, Jana ; Vanc, Pavel ; Kloudová, Kateřina ; Meterlík, Josef
Zpráva obsahuje zprávy z dílčích projektů: 0411 Výzkum, monitoring a diagnostika vybraných virů a virům podobných organismů okrasných rostlin, 0421 Kontrola zdravotního stavu shromážděného genofondu okrasných rostlin a dřevin, vypracování preventivních a kurativních ochranných opatření proti závažným chorobám, škůdcům a poškozením, 0422 metody regulace plevelů ve výsadbách dřevin, 0431 Sledování a sumarizace škodlivých činitelů jako predispozičních faktorů zhoršujícího se zdravotního stavu některých dřevin a hodnocení stupně odolnosti vybraných taxonů k nejzávažnějším škodlivým činitelům, 0441 Využití metody meristémového množení in vitro v kombinaci s termoterapií pro ozdravení vybraných druhů rostlin od virových infekcí a metody mikropropagace in vitro pro klonové namnožení vybraných rezistentních taxonů.
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Výzkum škodlivých činitelů rostlin zaměřený na spolehlivou diagnostiku‚ na hodnocení stupně odolnosti rostlin a na preventivní a kurativní ochranná opatření
Výzkumný ústav Silva Taroucy pro krajinu a okrasné zahradnictví, Průhonice ; Vejsadová, Hana ; Šedivá, Jana ; Vanc, Pavel ; Kloudová, Kateřina ; Meterlík, Josef
Zpráva obsahuje zprávy z dílčích projektů: 0411 Výzkum, monitoring a diagnostika vybraných virů a virům podobných organismů okrasných rostlin, 0421 Kontrola zdravotního stavu shromážděného genofondu okrasných rostlin a dřevin, vypracování preventivních a kurativních ochranných opatření proti závažným chorobám, škůdcům a poškozením, 0422 metody regulace plevelů ve výsadbách dřevin, 0431 Sledování a sumarizace škodlivých činitelů jako predispozičních faktorů zhoršujícího se zdravotního stavu některých dřevin a hodnocení stupně odolnosti vybraných taxonů k nejzávažnějším škodlivým činitelům, 0441 Využití metody meristémového množení in vitro v kombinaci s termoterapií pro ozdravení vybraných druhů rostlin od virových infekcí a metody mikropropagace in vitro pro klonové namnožení vybraných rezistentních taxonů.
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Position of hemp (\kur{Cannabis sativa}) in plant protection
HRDLIČKOVÁ, Helena
Cannabis sativa is a useful fibre, oil and energy plant that could be replace lot of synthetic row materials, whose production pollutes the environment. The aim of this work was to summarize the information about the occurrence of pets, diseases and weeds in the hemp stand and the possibilities of protection against them, together with information about the competitive and allelopathic characteristics of hemp and possibilities of hemp utilization in the plant protection. Though the spectrum of disease and pests is wide, until now the economics losses caused by harmful organisms are very low. Mycocentrospora cantuariensis is a potentially dangerous disease, until now this species was obserwedy on hop. Phytophtora cactorum and Septoria neocanabina belong to the new occured species. From the pests fleahopper (Psylliodes attenuata), cannabis louse (Phorodon cannabis) and european corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) could be the cause of the important yield losses. The hemp stand is able to suppress the weed growth due to quick development. The self-protection of hemp consists the secretion of canabinoids and volatile terpenoids, that protect not only the hemp plants but partially also neighbouring plants. These compounds and also mixed cultivation of hemp with other plants could be a new advanced tool in the plant protection.
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Regulation ways of Scentless weed apperance
BEČVÁŘ, Stanislav
It is spoken about persistentent weed called Scentless Mayweed in this graduation theses, whose became more expandable hand in hand with gradual passage of some companies to the minimisational methods of the soil processing. The biology and morfology of Scentless Mayweed is described in this theses, so as gadgetries of his diffusion and on this priciples of this knowledge the weedy si discussed. There are many methods of feedback control described {--} mechanical so as chemical and its subseqent economical evaluatin and its matching. This issue tries to clear up why the stress of this weed on arable crop is so hard, why it is so successful weed at the point of wiew of competitive relations and what sort of mechanisms are used. At the advances that were show round in Kluky in former Písek county it was found out the influence of the herbicides and subsequently the remedial measures for weed control were accepted.
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Biology and control of Matricaria recutita
PEŠEK, Martin
Thesis deals with the biology of the Matricaria recutita, its usefulness, by extension, harm, and especially the regulation of its occurrence. The aim of this work is to contribute to improving knowledge of this species. The thesis presents a comprehensive overview of reproduction, importance, harm, relationship to cultural crops and control weeds with a focus on biology and control of Matricaria recutita. They proposed appropriate measures to control and use of plants in practice.
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Biology of Matricaria chamomilla and possibilities of its usage
VOZÁBOVÁ, Tereza
Essay is focused on biology of Matricaria chamomilla especially concerning its noxious influence like weeding in cultural plants and its important role not only like medicinal plant but also for other reasons. In the summary you could find schedule of weeds and its significance (in the positive or in the negative way). In addition this part describes the relationship to so called "cultural flora" and the development of the plants. Practical part is intended on the observation of the generative way of the reproduction, reproductive possibilities, physiology and finally the density of weeding of another plant communities.
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Biology Taraxacum officinale-dandelion and possibilities of its usage.
ŠLAHŮNKOVÁ, Jiřina
Essay is focused on biology of Taraxacum officinale-dandelion especially concerning its noxious influence like weeding in cultural plants and its important role not only like medicinal plant but also for other reasons. In the summary you could find schedule of weeds and its significance (in the positive or in the negative way). In addition this part describes the relationship to so called "cultural flora" and the development of the plants. Practical part is intended on the observation of the generative way of the reproduction, reproductive possibilitiess, physiology and finally the density weeding of another plant communities.
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Seed of field`s produce from today`s look
RATAJOVÁ, Alena
Annotation This diploma work is focused on multiplication and production of the grass seed and clovers. There is a sum of factors influencing succesful production of the seed. Main objective of my diploma work is focuse on just one of those factors which is appearance of the weed in multiplication area, problems of its cleaning and influence on quality of the seed. Nowadays is seed production very important. After the entry to EU there was a massive decline of dairy herds whereas beef cattle becoming more and more important and influencing pasture programs. Subsidy which is going into program for this kind of usage of agricultural land are very interesting. Essential for succesful use of this subsidy is always usage of certified seed of grass mixtures or its componets.
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Roadsides function as halophyte habitats in the landscape
Šerá, Božena
Vegetation lines along roads are localities of secondary habitation of salt-tolerant species. Along roads in the Czech Republic, at least sixteen wildly growing halophytes and many other salt-tolerant species were found. Roads are known for being corridors for not only migration of small animals, but also expansive, invasive and halophytic plants. Since many plants growing along roads are weeds, there is a real danger that these plants will invade nearby agricultural crops. Thus biological degradation of agricultural areas can be started, and consequently financial loss due to damaged harvest can be caused. This article discusses weed species and salt-tolerant species growing along roads of various types in the Czech Republic.
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