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Drugs in municipal wastewaters and their removal
Weberová, Kateřina ; Načeradská, Jana (advisor) ; Kopecká, Ivana (referee)
This research bachelor's thesis focuses on the occurence of illicit drugs in municipal wastewaters and their removal in wastewater treatment plants. The thesis focuses in detail on four psychoactive substances, which are tetrahydrocannabinol, MDMA, cocaine and methamphetamine, and their most commonly monitored metabolites. The work provides an overview of their presence in the aquatic environment and in wastewaters at the influent to wastewater treatment plants. In surface water, substances are found in concentrations up to hundreds of nanograms per liter. Concentrations of drugs at the influent to wastewater treatment plants normally range from tens to hundreds of nanograms per liter, with increased consumption reaching several thousand nanograms per liter. The thesis also focuses to efficiency of removal of selected psychoactive substances and their main metabolites during different stages of wastewater treatment. The findings indicate that the primary treatment is significant for tetrahydrocannabinol, less so for other substances. Tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolites, in contrast to the other investigated substances, are lipophilic and their sorption occurs on the solid phase of wastewater. High concentrations of cannabinoids occur in sewage sludge, where they can persist in lower...
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Recycling of wastewater from meat industry
Píža, Jan ; Horňák, David (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
The motivation of this work is to provide the reader with an insight into the issue of wastewater recycling, with a closer focus on wastewater from the meat industry. The thesis discusses the issue of wastewater in the Czech Republic, including legislation and obligations of polluters, statistics of meat production and consumption in the Czech Republic, which gives the readers an idea of the state of wastewater. The main part of the work is devoted to wastewater recycling and purification. Conventional methods of wastewater treatment are thoroughly analyzed. Furthermore, the thesis examines conducted studies of wastewater treatment, which combine the aforementioned conventional methods, including their major advantages and disadvantages. The final section is dedicated to the conceptual draft of a recycling line for selected wastewater based on the discussed studies. The draft combines electrocoagulation, ultrafiltration, and reverse osmosis, which, according to conducted studies, appear to be a way of wastewater recycling with high potential.
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EPC project for the wastewater management of a dairy plant
Holubka, Oleksandr ; Procházková, Michaela (referee) ; Horňák, David (advisor)
The dairy industry is one of the sectors producing high amounts of wastewater with significant levels of pollution. Typically, this water is discharged into the sewage system after preliminary treatment. However, it is now possible to recycle a large portion of this wastewater, and, as a result, reduce the operating costs. This work focuses on designing an appropriate water recycling technology to reduce operating costs and subsequently preparing the basic documents for the implementation of an EPC project for the selected design. Based on conducted research, reverse osmosis was chosen as a suitable process for wastewater treatment. Operational and investment costs were calculated for membrane technologies using reverse osmosis, based on which the profitability of the proposed design was determined. Furthermore, a process flow diagram and a piping & instrumentation diagram were created, risk management was conducted, and a project timeline was developed. Future work could focus on a specific industrial operation, allowing for the acquisition of real data and more precise economic evaluation.
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Handling and disposal of septic water
Petrušková, Kateřina ; Macsek, Tomáš (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
The Bachelor’s thesis is focused on septic water, it’s handling and disposal. The thesis consists of research on the characteristics of wastewater and objects for septic water accumulation. The practical part deals with the analysis of collected septic water samples and the values of wastewater pollution indicators. In addition, options for the design of septic water treatment technologies are presented.
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Natural wastewater treatment system in Surabaya, Indonesia
Semrádová, Tereza ; Zedník, Ondřej (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
In developing countries, constructed wetland is a possible way to improve the long-term quality of domestic wastewater effluent. It is a treatment plant that reflects the climatic conditions, the quality and quantity of the wastewater discharged and the economic conditions of the country. It offers simplicity in terms of operational requirements. These statements are also addressed in the design work of a constructed wetland in the Indonesian city of Surabaya. The design itself is preceded by an analysis and understanding of the existing wastewater management, which is currently very minimalist in the locality. The thesis develops a proposal for a suitable and sustainable community-based natural wastewater treatment solution for an urban area of up to 1 000 inhabitants. The proposal considers the technical-economic-social aspects and should thus lead to higher efficiency and longer lifetime of the proposed treatment plant. The solution also includes operational recommendations to ensure the long-term operation of the treatment plant. There are hardly any municipal treatment plants in the area, so the possible implementation of a constructed wetland will be the first solution of this kind, which will either ensure future expansion based on positive experience or, on the contrary, be rejected due to unsuitable operation in local conditions.
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Noise Protection from Sanitary Installations
Svoboda, David ; Berková, Petra ; Čupr, Karel
This review article deals with noise and vibration arising from the operation of sanitary installations – wastewater and freshwater plumbing. The first part describes the most commonly occurring sources of noise and vibration from such installations and possible ways of propagation. The second part sets out the measurement methodology and the differences in legislative requirements among countries. In the third part of the paper, principles of noise protection and modifications to sanitary installations are described.
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Energy balance in wastewater treatment plants
Novotný, Jan ; Raclavský, Jaroslav (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
This masters thesis is dealing with energetic evaluation of selected municipal WWTP – WWTP Polička. First chapter, introduction explains basic terms and goals of thesis. Second chapter explains energy audit, energy audit process its scope and contents. Third chapter deals with assesing life cycle using LCA (life cycle assesment). Fourth chapter deal with energy consumption at WWTP in Czech Republic as well as in the world. Fifth chapter describes technology of WWTP Polička and its fundamental objects. Sixth chapter is assesment of WWTP Polička from hydraulic point of view and assesment of selected machinery. Further there is summation of capital and operational costs followed by capital investment return.
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Removal of antibiotics from wastewater by advanced oxidation technologies
Macsek, Tomáš ; Rusník,, Igor (referee) ; Bodík,, Igor (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of microorganisms and are widely used in modern medicine. High consumption of antibiotics correlates with their elevated occurence in sewage systems, from where they are further released into the environment. The threat of their occurrence in the environment is in triggering the formation and spread of antibiotic resistance. This thesis focuses on the removal of selected antibiotics and partly on the antibiotic resistance from wastewater by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). AOPs are based on the creation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals, which are able to oxidize even highly persistent substances. The thesis focuses on the purification of effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), which are identified as the main source of pharmaceutical pollution in the environment, by AOPs mainly based on ozonation. These processes were tested under laboratory conditions on model water as well as under real conditions as the tertiary stage of the treatment at Brno-Modřice WWTP under various operating states. As the results of the performed experiments show, it could be concluded that the studied AOPs are capable of effective degradation of studied antibiotics from the treated medium. Under real conditions, the antibiotics sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin and clarithromycin were monitored. Output concentrations in each operational state were achieved to be below the limit of detection for all four antibiotics. The application of AOPs based on ozonation as the tertiary step of the treatment also had a positive effect on the reduction of microbial contamination and antibiotic resistance. Within the pilot plant experiments, a reduction of up to 4 orders of magnitude of E.coli, coliform microorganisms and a reduction of their resistant strains in the range of 1.4 - 4.0 logs were observed, compared to the effluent from the WWTP.
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Wastewater treatment plant testbed controlled by PLC
Kopáč, Ondřej ; Blažek, Petr (referee) ; Pospíšil, Ondřej (advisor)
This master thesis deals with the design of a wastewater treatment plant, which will be controlled by a PLC. The theoretical part describes the types of wastewater and sewage systems that are important in the design of wastewater treatment plants. The thesis also describes programmable logic controllers, theirs programming languages, SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) systems and automation.The thesis also deals with theoretical description of wastewater treatment plants, their functions and security. Next part describes the design of the wastewater treatment plant. The last part of the thesis describes implementation of the wastewater treatment plant controlled by a PLC.
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