|
|
Land use GIS of Jinačovice municipality
Kelblová, Kristýna ; Opatřilová, Irena (referee) ; Bartoněk, Dalibor (advisor)
This master thesis focuses on the development of the GIS in the Jinačovice municipality, particularly on the land use. The core data used for the research has been gathered by aerial photography since 1950. Other data sources include other types of maps, especially Cadastral map, ZABAGED data and statistical data. An analysis of the Land use has been carried out as well as additional analyses of the area. The research has been conducted specifically for the Jinačovice municipality.
|
|
|
The influence of landscape changes on erosion and runoff
Uhrová, Jana ; Toman,, František (referee) ; Váchal,, JAN (referee) ; Dumbrovský, Miroslav (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the influence of land use changes on erosion and runoff conditions. For the purpose of the evaluation, two catchments with different areas and pedological characteristics were selected (the catchment of the river Luha and the catchment of the Hubenov reservoir). In these catchments, a comparison of 26 selected land covers was conducted. The individual land covers were evaluated first in four seasons of the 1950s and 1990s, second according to the today's status of landscape by means of a detailed yearly evaluation conducted between 2002 and 2013, and third according to a land cover conceptual design. Analyses of not only land cover, but also geomorphological, pedological and hydrological conditions were carried out for both of the catchments by means of geographic information system (GIS) tools. The quantification of soil loss was performed by means of two methods – the method USLE with the use of ArcGIS program and the soil loss model WEPP. The crucial factor of the runoff evaluation of the preset end profiles with respect to the formation of concentrated runoffs and their catchment areas was the hydrological model DesQ-MAXQ. The selected land cover scenarios of the river Luha were then exposed to the conditions of a real rainfall that occurred in 2009 and that resulted in floods in the area. Furthermore, a rainfall-runoff model was created for this catchment area in HEC-HMS; the land cover scenarios were again subjected to the above-mentioned real rainfall. The land use changes of the catchment area of the reservoir Hubenov were assessed also with respect to the concentration of substances in the profiles studied.
|
|
|
Changes in landscape in the catchment of water-supply reservoirs Švihov and Vír I
Červeňanská, Karolína ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with the analysis of landscape changes using the index of change and the index of development in the catchments area of our two key water reservoirs Švihov and Vír I using CORINE Land Cover and LUCC Czechia data from the time of their building to the present, with a particular focus on the landscape changes in particular protection zones. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the reservoirs, the legislative background of water protection and the interaction between water reservoirs, landscape and people. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the concept of landscape and especially with the development of landscape and population in our country from the middle of the 19th century to the present. The importance of the two reservoirs is also described, including their physical-geographic characteristics and the history of the delineation of the protection zones in their catchment areas. In the practical part, the observed time horizons, the selected territorial units and their delimitation within the protection zones are specified in more detail. In the chapter of Results, the observed changes in landscape cover, land use and population are described, both for the entire catchment area and in more detail for the particular protection zones in all the periods studied. The...
|
|
|
Vývoj krajiny v regionu Dačicko
Venzlů, Michaela
The diploma thesis deals with a development of the landscape in Dačice region, specifically in the municipality with extended competence Dačice. In theoretical part there is explained the basic terminology, methodology and sources of information connected with the development of land use. In practical part of the thesis are described historical impacts and events, which influenced the development of landscape in analyzed territory. Furthermore there is a detailed description and development of each category of land use. In the end there is identified an important landscape segment and proposed the way of its protection.
|
|
|
Precipitation and water runoff in the catchment with mosaic of arable land, forests and built-up areas
SCHWARZOVÁ, Monika
This thesis examines the influence of land cover and land use on rainfall-runoff patterns in small catchments. The literature review presented the rainfall-runoff process in general, runoff and the factors that influence runoff. In the practical part of the thesis, the different months of the 2018 study period were presented and converted into graphical form and the differences in rainfall-runoff ratios for two delineated small catchments with significantly different landscape cover were discussed. Specific surface water runoff from catchments with purely forest cover and catchments with a mosaic of cropland, forest, grassland and built-up areas were compared. Runoff responses to rainfall events were also monitored. Measurements of water level in the watercourse with an ultrasonic water level sensor and measurements of water velocity in the watercourse with a hydrometric propeller were used to calculate specific runoff rates. A boat rain gauge was used to measure precipitation. The results showed that the specific runoff from watersheds with forest cover is generally lower and slower due to interception and increased surface roughness compared to runoff from watersheds with a mosaic of cropland, forest, grassland and developed areas. Forest cover in the catchment reduces and slows runoff, particularly during shortterm significant rainfall episodes, and helps to maintain stable runoff from the landscape during drought episodes. In general, the results indicate the importance of vegetation in the landscape for its hydrological characteristics. Finally, modifications to improve the conditions in these small catchments were suggested.
|
|
|
Vliv pastevních pozemků na parametry vody v malém vodním toku
KUBELOVÁ, Barbora
The diploma thesis deals with the comparison of selected surface water properties in a small watercourse in the "Pasecký potok" and "Váčkový potok" river basins in 2018 and 2019. The evaluation was performed in three currency profiles- the upper specific profile of "Váčkový potok", the lower specific profile of "Váčkový potok" and "Pasecký potok". The differences between these streams are in the management of the landscape and in the use of the landscape by man, which means a significant effect on the chemistry of water in surface water. The monitored hydrochemical indi-cators in the profiles were electrolytic conductivity, pH, insolubles, nitrates, phosphates, total organic carbon, inorganic carbon, total carbon and total nitrogen. Limit values of Government Regulation No. 401/2015 Sb. were not exceeded in the upper profile of "Váčkový potok" and in the profile of "Pasecký potok". The values of total nitrogen was exceeded in the lower specific profile of "Váčkový potok".The basin of the lower profile of "Váčkový potok" is located near arable land and in this profile other values were higher- electrolytic conductivity, pH, nitrates, total organic carbon, inorganic carbon and total carbon were proved. Human intervention in the upper profile of "Váčkový potok" and in "Pasecký potok" is small. We can consider the state of ecosystems here to be the most similar to a natural landscape.
|
|
| |
|
|
Makrofyta v rybnících s různým typem rybářského hospodaření
FRANCOVÁ, Kateřina
Artificial fishponds have been an integral part of the European landscape for centuries. In addition to fish production, they provide important ecosystem services and habitats for biota, including macrophytes. The processes influencing macrophyte assemblages in fishponds are poorly understood and thus they were in the focus of this research. The opening study introduces thesis with a review of available information of historical development of fishponds and relation between fish farm management practices and fishpond macrophyte assemblages. Relevant socio-economic factors and possible effects of climate change are also explored. Comparison with similar wetland habitats shows that fishponds represent valuable systems harbouring many macrophyte species and a range of their rare and threatened taxa. The following study focuses on seasonal and inter-annual differences in vegetation in open water zones of nursery and main fishponds. The results show significant effect of the fishpond use type on macrophyte assemblages with strong decrease in macrophyte species numbers and abundance with increasing fish stock pressure. Stands of aquatic macrophytes commonly more developed in the nursery ponds in the spring of the first year of the production cycle, but variability could be found between ponds for example due to lower water level. While the results showed distinctions in water chemistry, sediment thickness, and adjoining land use, only transparency exerted a significant effect on macrophyte assemblages. Differences in other measured parameters were probably too small to be reflected in macrophyte species composition. Additionally, most macrophytes in our dataset show a broad ecological range. The last part of thesis reports analyses of plant species of reed bed and exposed bottom zones in the same selection of fishponds. As observed in the study of the open water zone, the highest species numbers and abundance were observed in the nursery ponds. The plants of reed beds were mostly affected by the width of the zone and shore slope. Lower slope in most fishponds often allowed development of the dense stands of Phragmites australis, which are highly competitive. They affect light and nutrient availability, produce a high amount of litter and so limit occurrence of other species. This as well as a position in the upper part of littoral, where they might not be affected by fish or water level disturbances so often, led to similarities in reed bed zones between fishpond types. In contrast more open reed bed stands with species such as Typha angustifolia and exposed bottoms allowed development of more species. The plants of exposed bottoms were affected by fishpond use type and adjoining land use type. The reason is lower fish stock pressure and more regular summer and/or winter drainage. Some fishponds or their parts did not have reed beds and exposed bottoms were then directly connected and influenced by surrounding landscape, e.g. ruderal and grassland species such as Barbarea vulgaris and Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia regularly occurred there. Application of fish farming practices is important not only as it is a part of the national heritage, but also to avoid pond terrestrialization. However, modification of farming techniques to best suit individual pond conditions and to adapt to climate change is recommended. Reducing fish stock density when relevant and limiting nutrient input from manuring and supplemental fish feeding may aid recovery of fishpond ecosystems including macrophyte species assemblages.
|
|
|
Changes in landscape structure in the catchment of Kopaninsky stream.
VODOVÁ, Renata
The purpose of this work was evaluation of landscape structure in the catchment of Kopaninský stream in the second half of twentieth century. The land use was evaluated in years 1949, 1953, 1961, 1978, 1983 and 1992. The base for this work were land use maps 1 : 10000. The maps were processed in GIS (Geographical Information System).
|
|
|
The influence of socio-geographical exposure and other factors on the extensification processes of land use
Janoušek, Zbyněk ; Bičík, Ivan (advisor) ; Feranec, Ján (referee) ; Novotná, Marie (referee)
The main topic of the dissertation thesis is the evaluation of the influence of socio- geographical exposure and other factors (natural: altitude, inclination of slopes, productivity of land) on the extensification processes of the land use in Czechia in the period of more than 160 years, 1845-2010. Emphasis is also placed on the associated losses of agricultural and arable land, given that afforestation and increase of grassland took place essentially at the expense of that land. The main data source is the "Database of long-term land use changes in Czechia (1845-2010)", LUCC Czechia, based on cadastral records. It is a detailed monitoring which covers almost 9,000 so-called stable territorial units. Both the extensification processes and the overall intensity of land use (using the coefficient of ecological importance) are evaluated. Given that most of the Czechia's territory is still used as agricultural land, the thesis also includes an overview of the evolution of the selected agricultural intensity indicators. Attention is likewise paid to the wider context of land use changes at the European level. The essential part of the thesis is to build models of socio-geographical exposure of Czechia, which are comparable with the data on land use in the time horizons of 1845, 1896, 1948, 1990 and...
|
guest ::
