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Effect of polyploidization on species invasive success
Líblová, Zuzana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Rooks, Frederick (referee)
Polyploid variants of many species of plants are strikingly frequently found among alien plants on all continents. They also very often have a much larger distribution range of its occurrence, compared to diploid plants in the place of their origin. In many cases, the polyploid cytotype also has increased tolerance to various stress factors or a physiological and morphological characteristics that allow them to survive the conditions in which the diploid plants would have little chance to survive. All this suggests that polyploidy is likely to bring plants an evolutionary advantage over their diploid ancestors, and polyploids therefore can successfully colonize new territories. This thesis summarizes the findings about the possible consequences of polyploidy at different levels in relation to their effects on the properties supporting plant invasive ability. It presents also known hypotheses dealing with possibilities of why plants become invasive after introduction. This is followed by sections devoted to flow cytometry, an important modern method for determining genome size and ploidy level. In conclusion it briefly describes the model species bird vetch (Vicia cracca) and the results of measurements of the degree of ploidy of seeds of this plant from Alaska and Japan.
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Effect of polyploidization on species invasive success
Líblová, Zuzana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Rooks, Frederick (referee)
Polyploid variants of many species of plants are strikingly frequently found among alien plants on all continents. They also very often have a much larger distribution range of its occurrence, compared to diploid plants in the place of their origin. In many cases, the polyploid cytotype also has increased tolerance to various stress factors or a physiological and morphological characteristics that allow them to survive the conditions in which the diploid plants would have little chance to survive. All this suggests that polyploidy is likely to bring plants an evolutionary advantage over their diploid ancestors, and polyploids therefore can successfully colonize new territories. This thesis summarizes the findings about the possible consequences of polyploidy at different levels in relation to their effects on the properties supporting plant invasive ability. It presents also known hypotheses dealing with possibilities of why plants become invasive after introduction. This is followed by sections devoted to flow cytometry, an important modern method for determining genome size and ploidy level. In conclusion it briefly describes the model species bird vetch (Vicia cracca) and the results of measurements of the degree of ploidy of seeds of this plant from Alaska and Japan.
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The evaluation of seed properties of Lathyrus pratensis and Vicia cracca and their employment in permanent grasslands.
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Eva
The theme of the thesis are climbing legumes meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis) and tufted vetch (Vicia cracca). The literature search defines watched kinds of legumes and their occurence in permanent grassland. There is summarized seed growing of legumes because of its problematic production. Legumes are valuable components of grassland especially thanks to fixation of nitrogen and high capacity of proteins. The practical part is focused on observation of floristic compilation of watched locations for three years. Particular locations were compared from the point of view of changes in land management and weather. Pods and seeds of observed kinds were collected and evaluated in single years. Experiments of seed's field germination were done after different period from picking and in case of various treatment.
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Biological characteristics and grow conditions for climbing legumes in permanent grasslands
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Eva
This bachelor´s work is focused on the climbing legumes. Literature review summarizes the importance and ecological requirements of species of meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis) and tufted vetch (Vicia cracca) and describes vegetation types with the occurrence of climbing legumes. Legumes are excellent forage, but they also contain some antinutritional substances and are often attacked by pests and diseases. Production of seed is difficult because of uneven ripening, dehiscent pods, seed dormancy and hard seeds. In the practical part were at selected localities conducted botanical images. These localities were compared with each other in terms of vegetation composition. On the localities were collected pods of monitored species. Seeds were after shelling used to determine seedling and germination.
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