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Transformation of suburban villages
Ferenc, Jonáš ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Šilhánková, Vladimíra (referee) ; Balabánová, Pavla (referee) ; Koutný, Jan (advisor)
The thesis discusses suburban villages (and, indirectly, also villages that are even further away from urban areas), their current character, and their changes over the course of history. Most Bohemian, Moravian and Silesian municipalities struggle with persistent issues, such as the decline of their primarily agrarian function (and the unattractiveness of this lifestyle for the younger generations), changes in demographic composition (the exodus of natives to cities, and their replacement by “weekenders“), the lower purchase power of rural areas (due to lower wages in agriculture and the lack of other job opportunities), insufficient traffic infrastructure, unclear property relations, the loss of their own identity due to the closeness of a core city, and uncontrolled suburbanisation which transforms both villages and their environment. The end effects of these issues are depopulation of rural areas, ageing of current inhabitants and unfavourable prospects for the future. On the other hand, the situation in neighbouring Bavaria seems to be the exact opposite. Bavaria hasn't experienced collectivisation, and a communist dictatorship hasn't cut the ties of local inhabitants towards their lands and properties which have been in their families for centuries. Many issues encountered in the Czech Republic are therefore unknown here, and villages that happen to be near urban areas tend to grow in a natural way while retaining their original rural and local identities. The superior infrastructure network enables better mobility of the populace, which allows the people to commute longer distances. However, they can still spend their time in their actual place of residence, and they often proudly consider themselves a part of the local social life and of the local community – not of the core city. Therefore the goal of the thesis is to compare Czech and Bavarian villages in terms of sustainable development, using specific examples, to analyse which elements are better in which system, and to compare whether it is possible to apply the principles of sustainability which are used in Bavaria to the sustainable development of Czech countryside.
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Assessing the potentials of non timber forest products (NTFPs) as an attractive livelihood option for the people living in the forest adjacent communities in the Sekyere East district of Ghana
Okyere, Florence
Background: Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are biological resources of plant (other than timber) and animal origin, that are harvested from the natural forests or farmlands for human use. The forest continuous to serve as a socio-economic safety net for rural communities in most parts of African, South Asia and some parts of Latin America. Over 40% of the world’s poor population live within or in close proximity to tropical forest areas. Communities living adjacent forest regions invariably depend on the ecology for their everyday food, fuel, and income. Despite the economic importance of NTFPs, there is no proper valuation of NTFPs and its contribution to livelihood and development in rural communities that rely primarily on these products for their income, subsistence, and employment. Objective: To assess the potentials of NTFPs as an attractive livelihood option for the people living in the forest communities in the Sekyere East district of the Ashanti region of Ghana. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from selected rural communities in the Sekyere East district. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select the 6 communities from the district and a systematic sampling approach used to select every 3rd house within the community. A total of 502 participants who are above the legal working age of 15years were recruited and administered with a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done with the use of STATA and results were presented in tables and graphical representations. Results: A response rate of 98% was obtained from the administered questionnaire. Majority of the respondents were males, 67.73% and 32.27% being females. Males were more involved in NTFPs than females. Almost half of the respondents 48.21% involved in NTFPs collection were older persons between 50 to 59 years. About 84.66% of rural population depend solely on the forest for their daily livelihood. The average sales of NTFPs per market period was GH₵172.12. The majority of NTFPs collectors in the study earned between GH₵101 to 200 for each market day. An estimated amount of GH₵ 3,000 - 4,999 is earned by most respondent from the sale of NTFPs annually. The most common NTFPs harvested were game, firewood, mushroom, snail, leave wraps and honey. Conclusion: It has become evident that the majority of rural populations rely on NTFPs for their basic cash inflow and food requirement. Earnings from NTFPs sales contributes about half of overall household income and annual expenditure. Poverty reduction policies must increasingly incorporate NTFPs as an alternative source of income for deprived rural populations across different parts of the country.
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Selected problems of the rural delimitation
Bednářová, Hana ; Perlín, Radim (advisor) ; Kučera, Zdeněk (referee)
This work is an attempt to define an alternative definition of rural as compared with the OECD methodology applied to the NUTS 3 units. In the specific nature of the Czech population is necessary to use other methods of defining rural. Bibliography outlines other possible ways of definic, as a empirical research reflects a descriptive approach to the definition of rural based on statistical indicators which are assessed in seven groups. The results are shown in the cartograms. Differences between rural and urban areas are in the Czech Republic according to the chosen methodology very small or not visible. Countryside as defined by statistical indicators have shown similar results as the definition of internal peripherals. The chosen method for the identification is very difficult and demanding. The results are largely influenced by the threshold value for each indicator. Keywords: delimination, country, rural, delimitation, rural areas
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The study of the recreational use of El Bierzo (Spain)
Fernandez Arias, Pablo
The main idea of this study is to develop various industries that have this area as well as having a vision of global set both politically Bierzo, economically and socially, in order to implant companies in different sectors later cited with an environmental and landscaping protecion for improvement and enjoyment of all residents and visitors to this area and to protect the different ecosystems, vegetation and wildlife threatened by various industries that can destroy large areas of natural interest. All this is justified by the need to advance a direcion to protect the environment and allow a rural development according to environmental protecion implemented by the various European, Spanish and regional policies for their impact as small as possible. At first discussed in which the climate, geology, hydrology of the area, also the historical-social answer was analyzed and an analysis of the forestry sector, finally has developed an inventory of vegetation and wildlife analyzed It exists in this region. The purpose of this analysis and inventory has been developing and publishing the different conclusions and results that can be read later.
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Selected problems of the rural delimitation
Bednářová, Hana ; Perlín, Radim (advisor) ; Kučera, Zdeněk (referee)
This work is an attempt to define an alternative definition of rural as compared with the OECD methodology applied to the NUTS 3 units. In the specific nature of the Czech population is necessary to use other methods of defining rural. Bibliography outlines other possible ways of definic, as a empirical research reflects a descriptive approach to the definition of rural based on statistical indicators which are assessed in seven groups. The results are shown in the cartograms. Differences between rural and urban areas are in the Czech Republic according to the chosen methodology very small or not visible. Countryside as defined by statistical indicators have shown similar results as the definition of internal peripherals. The chosen method for the identification is very difficult and demanding. The results are largely influenced by the threshold value for each indicator. Keywords: delimination, country, rural, delimitation, rural areas
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Transformation of suburban villages
Ferenc, Jonáš ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Šilhánková, Vladimíra (referee) ; Balabánová, Pavla (referee) ; Koutný, Jan (advisor)
The thesis discusses suburban villages (and, indirectly, also villages that are even further away from urban areas), their current character, and their changes over the course of history. Most Bohemian, Moravian and Silesian municipalities struggle with persistent issues, such as the decline of their primarily agrarian function (and the unattractiveness of this lifestyle for the younger generations), changes in demographic composition (the exodus of natives to cities, and their replacement by “weekenders“), the lower purchase power of rural areas (due to lower wages in agriculture and the lack of other job opportunities), insufficient traffic infrastructure, unclear property relations, the loss of their own identity due to the closeness of a core city, and uncontrolled suburbanisation which transforms both villages and their environment. The end effects of these issues are depopulation of rural areas, ageing of current inhabitants and unfavourable prospects for the future. On the other hand, the situation in neighbouring Bavaria seems to be the exact opposite. Bavaria hasn't experienced collectivisation, and a communist dictatorship hasn't cut the ties of local inhabitants towards their lands and properties which have been in their families for centuries. Many issues encountered in the Czech Republic are therefore unknown here, and villages that happen to be near urban areas tend to grow in a natural way while retaining their original rural and local identities. The superior infrastructure network enables better mobility of the populace, which allows the people to commute longer distances. However, they can still spend their time in their actual place of residence, and they often proudly consider themselves a part of the local social life and of the local community – not of the core city. Therefore the goal of the thesis is to compare Czech and Bavarian villages in terms of sustainable development, using specific examples, to analyse which elements are better in which system, and to compare whether it is possible to apply the principles of sustainability which are used in Bavaria to the sustainable development of Czech countryside.
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