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Pertussis, possibilities of managing unsatisfactory epidemiological situation in the Czech Republic.
PINĎÁKOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis deals with the problems of pertussis epidemiological problems in the Czech Republic, especially the possibilities of improvement of the epidemiological situation of pertussis. Pertussis is a serious infectious disease of the respiratory system and is monitored long-term in Czech Republic. The incidence of pertussis in its epidemic cycles continues to increase since the 90s. Last year's reported sickness rate was 11.7 of 100 000 people (1233 cases total).The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part shows the characteristics of pertussis and describes the preventive and repressive measures. Last part of the theoretical section describes epidemiological situation of pertussis from history to the present day while last four years are described in more detail. The practical part of the thesis consists of research.The research was conducted using qualitative method. As data collection method was chosen interviews with first contact physicians, which are pediatricians and physicians for adults. Two objectives were set in research area. The first objective was to map the compliance with the conditions laid down under the "case" definition of pertussis and its methods of diagnosis for pediatricians and physicians for adults (first contact physicians). The second objective was to create intervention for affecting the adverse epidemiological situation of pertussis. Intervention is based on the results of research aimed at compliance with procedures of "case" definition of pertussis and on knowledge of pediatricians and physicians for adults about the epidemiology of pertussis issue and their views on vaccination.
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Refusing of vaccination in the Vysočina region in the period 2010 - 2013
PALÁTOVÁ, Ilona
Vaccination in the Czech Republic has had a long tradition, belonging to the basic care within the paediatric prevention. It is a very effective protection for children and adults not only from infectious diseases but also their consequences. In these modern times, however, there are some voices questioning the usefulness and importance of mandatory vaccination. Fighting for its abolition comes from individuals as well as from organized groups that call the vaccination to be unethical, immoral and inhuman. The most common reason to refuse the vaccination is the belief that some vaccinations are not necessary. This issue is increasingly becoming the subject of many discussions, so I see it very topical.
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Survey of vaccination coverage and vaccination discipline in compulsory vaccination
MAXOVÁ, Marie
The aim of this survey is also to determine vaccination coverage in compulsory vaccination of kids in the first years of life, compliance of vaccine dose timing with vaccination schedule and reasons why some children were not vaccinated. Another goal is to analyse the reasons for some kids in the first years of life being vaccinated late and whether some kids in groups most at risk are vaccinated against tuberculosis. We used a quantitative research method in the form of a cross-sectional study comprised of data collection and analysis. Our research sample consisted of children born in the years 2009, 2010 and 2011 in České Budějovice district. The reason why we have chosen this particular group of children is that (if applicable vaccination schedule had been adhered to) they were supposed to be fully vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, haemophilus influenzae b, Hepatitis B virus, poliomyelitis (DTPHibHB). This group of 831 children (427 boys and 404 girls) have been chosen by random sampling from practising paediatricians. These selected physicians provided us with data about all children born in above mentioned years. The results showed that overall vaccination coverage for Infanrix Hexa vaccine (four doses) is 98.2% and 97.26% for Priorix vaccine (two doses). Vaccination coverage for tuberculosis in the years 2009 and 2010 was 90.05%. In the first years of life, up to 88.1% of newborns were vaccinated against tuberculosis ? at least, according to vaccination schedule (and applicable Order). In the first year of life, 99.9% of children have been given three doses of Infanrix Hexa vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenzae b invasive disease and Hepatitis B virus. In the first eighteen months of life, 97.4% of children in analysed sample were given fourth dose of said vaccine. 68.6% of children were given the first dose of Priorix-Tetra vaccine in the first fifteen months of life. In the following six to ten months, 75.4% of children were given the second dose. Further analysis revealed that in 40.5% of analysed records some vaccine dose timings were not met. The most common reason for vaccination delay was the state of health of the child. Two instances of vaccination delay were also caused by the omissions of parents. In 2010, indication for vaccination against tuberculosis was recorded for one newborn. In 2011, for four children from the analysed sample vaccination against tuberculosis was recommended. In all cases, vaccination against tuberculosis has been carried out in calmetisation centre. Taking into account my study and its results I can safely assume that the goals of my diploma thesis have been met and the hypotheses set forth have been confirmed by the research.
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Vaccine potentiality of cystatin from tick \kur{Ixodes ricinus}
HARCUBOVÁ, Adéla
Ticks belong to the ectoparasites which are dangerous for the human beings because of the transmission of bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens. The development of a vaccine against tick is very important. Cystatins play important role in tick digestion and they have an immunomodulation effects. For this reason cystatins are possible candidates for this vaccines. This thesis focuses on experimental mice vaccination with recombinant cystatin from Ixodes ricinus.
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Factors influencing consumer decision on the selection of pneumococcal vaccines
Janovská, Pavlína ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kandilaki, Daniela (referee)
This thesis deals with problems of vaccination, which is today a very discussed topic. Thesis is focused on general information about immunization, vaccine calendar, safety and legislation on vaccination. In the thesis is also examined public opinion about vaccination. The thesis is mainly focused on optional vaccination against pneumococcal infections. Specifically looks at the factors which influence consumer decision-making in the selection of pneumococcal vaccines. Compared are the two competing preparations, Synflorix and Prevenar. The objective of the thesis is to identify and compare factors influencing the consumer choice of vaccine against pneumococcal infections.
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VACCINATION OF MEDICAL WORKERS ON THE SELECTED HOSPITAL WARDS AGAINST VIRUS HEPATITIS B
KOŽENÁ, Martina
This Bachelor's work is summary of questions of viral hepatitis B touch the medical workers. Theoretical part describe causal agent of VHB, his clinical progression, diagnostic and treatment for VHB. In the next section we point at prevention which is very important. This contains preventive measures, vaccination, prophylaxis and repressive measures. Problems of epidemiology such as VHB transmission, world and Czech occurrence, incidence of VHB on medical workers at least describes the third section. In the practical part was find out vaccination against viral hepatitis B and explored the occurrence of viral hepatitis B.
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How parents are informed about children´s vaccination benefits
MAŤÁKOVÁ, Kateřina
ABSTRACT How parents are informed about children?s vaccination benefits Inoculation is a very effective protection of children and adults against not only diseases but their consequences as well. In spite of that it is often discussed and it has a number of opponents. The bachelor thesis ,,How parents are informed about children?s vaccination benefits?? consists of a theoretical and practical sections. The theoretical one includes basic information about vaccination. There you can find information on composition of vaccination substances and indications to inoculate, on possible undesirable post-vaccination reactions, on counter-indications as well as on vaccination substances used in the Czech Republic within the framework of compulsory and optional vaccination. The practical part includes results achieved. A quantitative research strategy was used for processing the data. The questioning method ? questionnaires ? was used for data collection. The questionnaire was intended for parents with children under 15 years. The research was carried out in nine general practitioners? surgeries for children and young people in Mladá Boleslav. 150 questionnaires were distributed, 140 were returned. 15 of them could not be used due to incorrect or incomplete completion. So the rate of return was 83.3%. 125 of them were used for the research. The investigation took place in the spring of 2011. The objective of the thesis was to map how parents were informed about compulsory children?s vaccination at the age of 0 to 15 years old in Mladá Boleslav. Moreover, the objective also was to confirm or disconfirm four hypotheses. H1 hypothesis supposed that parent?s education influenced their awareness. It was confirmed. H2 hypothesis expected that parents received most information about vaccination from a paediatrician. That hypothesis was also confirmed on the basis of the results found. H3 hypothesis said that parents would welcome extension of the existing vaccination calendar, especially TB inoculation should be added. That hypothesis was confirmed partially. H4 hypothesis suggested that parents with only one child were less informed. The results did not confirm it. I would like my thesis to be a clear information source for parents and to be a stimulus for their increased interest in those problems.
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Epidemiology of tuberculosis - reaction on vaccine BCG
FOŠUM, Pavel
Epidemiology of tuberculosis-reaction to BCG vaccine World Health Organization records nine million people worldwide who fall ill with tuberculosis and more than three million who die of this disease a year. Tuberculosis has been known for a long time and despite the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis etiological role by Robert Koch, the invention of RTG diagnostics by Roentgen and effective treatment using antibiotics by Waksman as the first, this disease still represents a considerable risk for society. Prevention using BCG vaccine has positive as well as negative aspects. This thesis is focused on describing newborn vaccination coverage, occurrence and duration of side and adverse effects after the application of BCG vaccine during the first days of life and on the influence on the following compulsory vaccination. We used the method of quantitative research in the form of epidemiology descriptive study using the technique of individual data collection and analysis. As a research area the group of children born in 2004, 2005, and 2006 was used. The group of 804 children (410 boys and 393 girls) was selected by the technique of random cluster sampling. We found out that out of 804 respondents 98.6 % were vaccinated with BCG vaccine. The group of 11 children was not vaccinated due to: HBsAg positivity of mother, low birth weight or health problems. Reaction after BCG vaccination was not healed until the next planed shot in 307 children (38.1 %). There were 4 people with no reaction at all to BCG (0.8%). The most frequent side (adverse) reaction after vaccination was scar unhealed at the time of next planed vaccination in 274 cases, (34.1%). Monoreactions accounted for more than a half of recorded reactions. Reaction time period was in the range from 11 to 300 days. Median of reaction time period was 30 days. We did not find any serious adverse reaction. Our research demonstrated, that frequency of side and adverse reactions after BCG vaccination is high (38.1 %). These are mainly benign side effects. We found that these reactions lead to postponing of the subsequent vaccination of the compulsory vaccination scheme in all who reacted to BCG vaccination. The occurrence of side reactions after BCG vaccine raises the question of appropriateness to carry out the BCG vaccination in first days of life. The results of this thesis can be used as a pilot study for the whole country study of mapping side and adverse reactions and further consideration of compulsory vaccination scheme.
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Vaccination in the face of healthy lifestyle
MERKLOVÁ, Simona
In my bachelor study I am engaged in a connection between a vaccination and a health lifestyle. In a theoretical part I devote to the obligatory vaccination and its importance for human health. Further I think about a question, if the vaccination is safe and if it is all right that the vaccination is obligatory. I describe also diseases, which can threaten us, if we are not immunized. In a practical part I concentrate on college students with a specialization called Education into health and their relation to the vaccanation. I am interested mainly in their knowledge of this problem and I want to know their opinion on the vaccanation.
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The recent legal form of compulsory vaccination in the Czech Republic and the consequences arising from its rejection.
STRACHOŇOVÁ, Jitka
A new decree of the Ministry of Health No. 537/2006 Coll. On Immunisation against Infectious Diseases came into effect on 1st January 2007. Every individual residing in the territory of the Czech Republic is obliged to undergo a given kind of regular immunisation pursuant to Act No. 258/2000 Coll. On Public Health Protection as amended. Thus, my thesis is aimed at the current legislative arrangement of vaccination and its goals are: to find out about benefits of the amendment of this Decree in the sphere of public health protection and to map legal and health consequences of refusing regular immunisation. The goal of the thesis was met as both positive and negative aspects of the amendment of the Decree as well as legal and health consequences of refusing regular immunisation were described. In future, an open dialogue between parents and paediatricians explaining the need of vaccination as primary prevention against emergence and spread of infectious diseases should be supported
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