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Sémantická pole a vztahy mezi právními koncepty: kontrastivní studie z oblasti českého a francouzského práva
HODKOVÁ, Kateřina
This study concerns relations existing between linguistical units in the domain of law. The first chapters, focused on selected semantic theories and specialized texts, give insight into the problematics and represent the theoretical foundation for the research. We established corpora for the purposes of this study and they cover a thematically identical domain which exist in both Czech et French law. The domain is <společné jmění manželů> in Czech law and <régime en communauté> in French law. The aforementioned corpora are used as the sources of linguistical units which hold various relationships among themselves. The units are concepts, terms and propositional structures and we define them over the course of this study. As for the relations, we focus mainly on relations of sense. We can distinguish three groups based on the nature of the relations: semantic relations, relations based on legal text and semantic roles. Every relation is defined and we mention illustrative examples, frequency and possibly other information. Given that we study the identical domain in two systems of national law, it is possible to compare the data in a contrastive way. At the end of the study we attempt to apply of a formal tool called lexical functions on our set of data in order to make them easier to naviguate and to present them in a systematic and coherent way. As a practical outcome of our study, we also propose a database based on our data. CD with, among other things, graphs portraying the structure of the examined domains is part of this study.
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Czech-French contrastive lexicological commentary on legal texts of inheritance law
Váchová, Aneta ; Jančík, Jiří (advisor) ; Listíková, Renáta (referee)
Czech-French contrastive lexicological commentary on legal texts of inheritance law The subject of this thesis is a Czech French contrastive lexicological commentary on selected legal texts in the field of inheritance law in legal systems of the Czech Republic and France. In three main chapters, the thesis analyses the lexical specifics of the French legal language - in contrast to the Czech legal language. Within these chapters, it was firstly necessary to define and specify the legal language, outline the various linguistic devices used and, last but not least, their application in the translation of legal texts. The first chapter deals in more detail with the legal language in general - its determination in the context of French and Czech legislation, the development of technical vocabulary, as well as the analysis of the individual requirements placed on the legislator when formulating legal texts. The second chapter is then devoted to specific paradigmatic meaning relations in legal language, in particular relations that violate the semiotic-logical relation between a form and a meaning (synonymy, polysemy), oppositeness, hyperonymy and hyponymy. Those relations are firstly explained and shown on examples from Czech and French inheritance law and then compared with the common language....
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