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Sequestration of soil organic matter in broadleaf and coniferous forests in soil at various stages of pedogenesis
Hüblová, Lucie ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Vindušková, Olga (referee)
Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important component of the soil. SOM is responsible for availability of nutrients for plants and soil organisms, formation of soil structure and soils water-holding capacity. SOM is made up of organic matter (OM) of plant and animal origin at various stages of decomposition. SOM can be divided into several components called fractions. Fractions differ between each other in their resistance against decomposition. Main SOM fractions are: (1) free floating particulate organic matter (FPOM) and (2) OM bound to soil mineral surfaces in various ways (MAOM) - OH inside macro- and microaggregates and OM bound to silt and clay surfaces (S+C). It is assumed that MAOM fraction becomes C saturated during soil development and no more C can be sequestered in it. Other fractions, particularly FPOM, that are not dominant C storage in the initial stages of soil development become more important in the later stages and amount of C stored in them increases. However, there is scarcity of studies that examine this assumption. In this work I studied the hypothesis that soils in different stage of development will differ in the amount of C stored in different fractions. On top of that, this difference will be affected by the dominant tree species growing on the soil and the effect of tree...
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The effect of toxicity and othet parameters of substrate on plant growth in post mining sites.
Zadinová, Radka ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Kočí, Vladimír (referee)
Surface mining of coal in the country leaves a lot of damage. This type of mining is characterized by the creation of large external dumps. The dumps often contain substrates with toxic substances or substances which become toxic after reaction with air. These substrates are toxic to plants and edaphon. This work is intended to show what properties of substrates are important for phytotoxicity. The location of research was selected including 3 different kinds of substrates, terrain unevenness and a lagoon in the middle. Coordinate grid has been created on the selected location. At each point a test was conducted with plant Sinapis alba and biomass was extracted from a naturally growing vegetation. Further, at the points substrates were collected and values of pH, conductivity and arsenic were measured. Test with plant Sinapis alba was repeated in the laboratory conditions as well. On site GPS coordinates were measured for the mathematical model created in ArcGIS. Experiment has shown the importance of the type of substrate and the geologic description, and then the association between dejection, value of pH and conductivity. Conductivity and pH levels also correlate with the germination Sinapis alba and biomass of naturally growing vegetation.
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The importance of mycorrhizal fungi in primary succession
Nevěčná, Michaela ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Püschel, David (referee)
Primary succession is a relatively long-term process of colonization of a certain area, which has never been influenced by any biotic environmental elements. There are many factors that influence primary succession. One of them are mycorrhizal fungi. Establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis, i. e. a mutualistic relationship between plants and mycorrhizal fungi, can be an important factor facilitating development of vegetation cover. Plants profit from mycorrhizal symbiosis thanks to increased nutrient acquisition, protection against toxic heavy metals or an advantage in a competition with non-mycorrhizal plants. Being non-photosynthetic organisms, fungi gain assimilates from the plants. Modification of the course of primary succession by adding mycorrhizal fungi can have a big importance in reclamation of the areas damaged by mining and there is a potential to substitute, at least partly, technical reclamations.
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Factors influencing the distribution of European Beech (Fagus silvatica) on the post mining spoil heap
Vobořilová, Veronika ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (referee)
In this thesis the influence of existing vegetation, the distance from the north border of the spoil heap, animal grazing, terrain bumpiness, and soil pH on the distribution and rooting of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica) at spoil heap Velká podkrušnohorská výsypka (50ř14'09 N, 12ř39'05 E) was examined. To accomplish this, beech seedlings within chosen areas overgrown by spontaneous succession or alder restoration were mapped using GPS. A rooting position on the wave-like terrain was recorded for a proportion of the total number of seedlings. Soil pH was also measured on the wave-like terrain. The majority of seedlings (183) were found at the succession sites; only one seedling was found in the alder restoration site. The GLM analysis proved significantly more seedlings in succession sites compared to alder restoration sites (p = 0.0169) and the negative dependence on distance from the north border of the heap (p < 0.0001). Within the wave-like terrain, 46% of seedlings were growing on the north slopes. In 2009, small seedlings were planted into the fresh restoration site and the adjacent succession site, in both cases inside the fencing and outside of it. The seedlings were growing significantly better in the succession site compared to the restoration site, and they were growing better inside the...
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The effect of artificial weathering on overburden properties
Zadinová, Radka ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Bartuška, Martin (referee)
Surface mining of coal cause massive changes of landscape. Dumps, heaps and tailings created vast areas in post mining landscape. Soil formation is influenced by the weathering process. Sample-the most common substrates have been subject of accelerated weathering. Samples were watered by distilled water, left to soak in, then froze, thaw and dried. This cycle was repeated twenty times. Before the experiment and after experiment pH, conductivity, organic matter loss on ignition, grain size and water absorption were measured. Before and after the experiment were tested for toxicity to plants using yellow mustard seeds (Sinapis alba). Accelerated weathering showed the possible development of weathering spoil substrates over time namely shift of pH towards neutral value, and increase in water holding capacity, despite of this no changes in plant toxicity in toxic substrates were found.
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Ant succession in post mining sites
Hovorková, Marie ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Succession is often studied by using a chronosequence. When using a chronosequence we study a set of sites with different ages at the same time and by comparing them we conclude what kind of changes occurred during time (space for time substitution). Only a few studies however compare how results obtained by using a chronosequence differ from those obtained by long-term studies. In my theses I repeated a study that investigated succession of ant communities on brown coal mining spoil dumps in Sokolov district after 19 years. There are chronosequences of two types of sites (spontaneous succession and recultivation) in Sokolov coal mining district. By repeating the original study I could compare changes that occurred du- ring time with changes along a chronosequnce. Relationship between occurrence of ant groups with different ecological requirements and age of site was also investigated. RDA model and variation partitioning were used to find out statistical significance between sites and their age. An increase in number of species was recorded on the spoil dumps. 22 ant species were found in the year 2020, from which 5 species were new on the dumps. All the new species are specialists, two of them are dendrophilous. A statistically significant increase in abundance of forest species with site age was...
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The effect of earthworms on plant communities
Čápová, Kateřina ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis provides a literature review, which mainly deals with the distinction of short-term and long-term effect of earthworms on the soil. The work describes the whole process of succession, succession on dump, the research part is carried out on land from dumps. The influence of plants on soil and the influence of soil on plants are described. As well as the effects of biota on soil and soil on biota. In particular, the effect of earthworms on the area and the distinction between short-term and long-term earthworm effects are described. The research part deals with the distinction between short-term and long-term effects of earthworms on the soil and plant growth. Above all, a detailed analysis of the soil on which the pot experiment took place. Aboveground and underground biomass and growth of early and late successive plant species were examined, as well as soil pH, conductivity, microbial respiration, PLFA, ergosterol, determination of NO3-, P, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and C: N ratio. Thanks to these analyzes, we can better distinguish our investigative issue. The results of my work showed a significant effect of both the immediate presence of earthworms and long-term presence on plant growth and microbial activity. These interactions have been shown to have a complicated pattern during...
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The effect of leaf structure on the leaf optical properties - Implication for water regime.
Neuwirthová, Eva ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Rothová, Olga (referee)
Due to coal mining activities, heap substrates rich in clays with poor water permeability and lack of nutrients are relocated outside of mines representing hostile environment to the majority of vegetation. A material from the surface coal mines in Sokolov forming the Velká Podkrušnohorská Heap (VPS) form large locality showing characteristics of anthropogenically devasted landscape. The aim of the present study was to compare leaf structural and biochemical parameters with relation to a leaf reflectance of two pioneer tree species Salix caprea and Populus tremula with regard to leaf water regime and leaf adaptation to a water loss. From the methodological point of view, the study aimed on contribution to determine relation of selected leaf structural parameters to leaf reflectance what has not been intensively studied yet. The foliage of trees P. tremula and S. caprea grown on succession localities S2 a S3 for 30 years was used as a material for my study. The material was studied for its structure using the leaf cross sections nd abaxial epidermal strips (thickness of the leaf tissue layers and of a leaf, stomatal size density and area). Other studied parameters were contents of photosynthetic pigments, specific leaf area (SLA), water potential and leaf reflectance in regions of photosyntetically...
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The importance of mycorrhizal fungi in primary succession
Nevěčná, Michaela ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Püschel, David (referee)
Primary succession is a relatively long-term process of colonization of a certain area, which has never been influenced by any biotic environmental elements. There are many factors that influence primary succession. One of them are mycorrhizal fungi. Establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis, i. e. a mutualistic relationship between plants and mycorrhizal fungi, can be an important factor facilitating development of vegetation cover. Plants profit from mycorrhizal symbiosis thanks to increased nutrient acquisition, protection against toxic heavy metals or an advantage in a competition with non-mycorrhizal plants. Being non-photosynthetic organisms, fungi gain assimilates from the plants. Modification of the course of primary succession by adding mycorrhizal fungi can have a big importance in reclamation of the areas damaged by mining and there is a potential to substitute, at least partly, technical reclamations.
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Factors affecting oak spreading on post mining heaps
Janoušová, Ivana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Svoboda, Miroslav (referee)
The study was conducted on spoil heap Podkrušnohorská (50 ř 14'09 S, 12 ř 39'05 V) near Sokolov. Several factors that influence the establishment of oak were studied: the distance from the source of diaspors, type of habitat (succession vs alder reclamation), position of seedling on the wave and impact of animal grazing. Four alder restoration areas and three spontaneous succession areas have been mapped with GPS equipment, the occurence of mature oaks, which could serve as a source of acornsg was also mapped on the dump and in surroundings. Most seedlings (657) were found in the succession and only 98 in alder reclamation, and the occurence in succession was statistically significantly more frequent. The number of seedlings from sources diaspors decreased, the longest distance was over 1300 meters. For three habitats (spontaneous succession, alder reclamation, open space with grass vegetation (Calamagrostis epigeios)) were planted 12 oak seedlings in fence and 12 seedlings outsider of the fence. Annual growth rate and survival of oak were evaluated using two-way ANOVA. Results showed that the area has a significant effect on the growth of oaks. In alder reclamation and the open area had a high mortality of seedlings and small increase, the fence does not have significant influence on these areas....
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