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Challenging Hegemony: Coercion, Repression and Protest in Liberal Democracies.
Čapinská, Barbora ; Kýrová, Lucie (advisor) ; Gagnon, Jean-Paul (referee) ; Wahlström, Mattias (referee)
Barbora Čapinská Abstract for dissertation thesis Challenging hegemony: coercion, repression, and protest in liberal democracies Year of defence: 2022 Abstract: This dissertation project identifies and classifies the types of coercive and repressive methods liberal democratic states use to prevent, resist, or suppress protest via analysis of secondary literature from several disparate academic fields. Despite the substantial fragmentation of the relevant research, it systematizes and clarifies the terminology used to describe these phenomena and combines the extant findings from all relevant research strands. Above all, the project stresses the fact that repressions are employed in response to a threat posed by the challengers, but the degree of this threat, or respectively legitimacy of the protest, is influenced or even constructed by the mass media coverage of protest and social movements. By endorsing a discourse-theoretical prism and the concept of hegemony, a relational definition of state, and a three-dimensional view of power, the author proposes to view protest and repression as a hegemonic struggle, in which protest is a counter-hegemonic discourse and the state an embodiment of hegemony suppressing challenges. To supplement existent typologies, the author introduces the concepts 'institutional...
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Genomic preferences in integration and expression of retroviruses and retrovirus-derived vectors
Miklík, Dalibor ; Hejnar, Jiří (advisor) ; Žíla, Vojtěch (referee)
Integration and provirus establishment are the key steps of retroviral life cycle. Genome-wide studies show that the integration is not a random process and that groups of related retroviruses display distinguishable patterns of integration preferences. The most rated genomic features forming the integration preferences of retroviruses are transcription units, transcription start sites and CpG islands. Whereas extending knowledge of genome structure, new, mainly epigenetic marks, which have a relationship to retroviral preferences are being defined. The integration into a specific genome region has a straight influence on the provirus expression and therefore on the production of virus progeny. While integration into some regions results in provirus silencing which is managed and maintained by variety of factors, some other genomic regions are vice-versa capable of stable provirus expression maintenance. These findings have implications for construction of safe and efficient retroviral vectors as well as for use of modified retroviruses as markers for an epigenetic and expression profile determination of genome regions.
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The influence of RDR6 activity and mode of RNAi induction on dynamics and mechanism of silencing of the reporter GFP gene in tobacco cell line BY-2
Motylová, Šárka ; Fischer, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kovařík, Aleš (referee)
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process mediated by small RNAs (sRNA), which is significantly involved in the regulation of gene expression in plants. Diverse RNAi pathways can be divided into two basic mechanisms, which are post-transcriptional and transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS and TGS). Production of sRNAs is dependent on the presence of a double-stranded RNA molecule (dsRNA), which is cleaved by one of DCL proteins to produce sRNAs usually of 21-24 nt in length. One strand of the sRNA is subsequently loaded onto AGO protein. During PTGS, the AGO-sRNA complex interacts with the target RNA based on its sequence complementarity to the sRNA and cleaves it or blocks its translation. In the case of TGS, AGO interacts with plant-specific RNA Pol V and its transcripts, which are again complementary to the sRNA. This interaction allows assembling of a protein complex facilitating DNA and histone methylation inhibiting RNA Pol II transcription. There are numerous ways the dsRNA can arise. A significant part of dsRNA cell production is dependent on synthesising the complementary strand of the dsRNA by RDR6 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6). RDR6 is also involved in the process of the secondary sRNA formation. The significance of RDR6 during PTGS was examined using a GFP reporter gene either during...
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The influence of RDR6 activity and mode of RNAi induction on dynamics and mechanism of silencing of the reporter GFP gene in tobacco cell line BY-2
Motylová, Šárka ; Fischer, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kovařík, Aleš (referee)
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process mediated by small RNAs (sRNA), which is significantly involved in the regulation of gene expression in plants. Diverse RNAi pathways can be divided into two basic mechanisms, which are post-transcriptional and transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS and TGS). Production of sRNAs is dependent on the presence of a double-stranded RNA molecule (dsRNA), which is cleaved by one of DCL proteins to produce sRNAs usually of 21-24 nt in length. One strand of the sRNA is subsequently loaded onto AGO protein. During PTGS, the AGO-sRNA complex interacts with the target RNA based on its sequence complementarity to the sRNA and cleaves it or blocks its translation. In the case of TGS, AGO interacts with plant-specific RNA Pol V and its transcripts, which are again complementary to the sRNA. This interaction allows assembling of a protein complex facilitating DNA and histone methylation inhibiting RNA Pol II transcription. There are numerous ways the dsRNA can arise. A significant part of dsRNA cell production is dependent on synthesising the complementary strand of the dsRNA by RDR6 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6). RDR6 is also involved in the process of the secondary sRNA formation. The significance of RDR6 during PTGS was examined using a GFP reporter gene either during...
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Genomic preferences in integration and expression of retroviruses and retrovirus-derived vectors
Miklík, Dalibor ; Hejnar, Jiří (advisor) ; Žíla, Vojtěch (referee)
Integration and provirus establishment are the key steps of retroviral life cycle. Genome-wide studies show that the integration is not a random process and that groups of related retroviruses display distinguishable patterns of integration preferences. The most rated genomic features forming the integration preferences of retroviruses are transcription units, transcription start sites and CpG islands. Whereas extending knowledge of genome structure, new, mainly epigenetic marks, which have a relationship to retroviral preferences are being defined. The integration into a specific genome region has a straight influence on the provirus expression and therefore on the production of virus progeny. While integration into some regions results in provirus silencing which is managed and maintained by variety of factors, some other genomic regions are vice-versa capable of stable provirus expression maintenance. These findings have implications for construction of safe and efficient retroviral vectors as well as for use of modified retroviruses as markers for an epigenetic and expression profile determination of genome regions.
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