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Problematika chovu vysoce plodných prasnic
Chudá, Magdalena
Bachelor thesis concerns with issues of highly fertile sows. The thesis describes the current level of reproduction of sows in the Czech Republic and its welfare implications. It also deals with specific factors affecting litter size such as sow nutrition and exposure to stressors, risk of giving birth to a large number of piglets, anatomy of the mammary gland of a highly fertile sow and the quality and quantity of colostrum and breast milk. The thesis is also focused on other chosen factors affecting the prosperity of piglets such as gestation and intrauterine crowding, placental nutrition, birth difficulties, low birth weight, and establishment of the teat order. Further more, the work describes methods of management of sow breeding and rearing piglets, which improve their lives and welfare. These include tooth reduction, split suckling, cross–fostering, nurse sow system, split weaning, supplementary feeding of milk and artificial breeding of piglets in incubators.
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Chov jesetera malého (Acipenser ruthenus) v České republice
Rybnikár, Juraj
This dissertation provides an overview of the status of critically endangered sterlet in the Czech Republic and in other countries located in the Danube river basin. Results of own research of artificial breeding at experimental and farm conditions are presented. In the results section, focus was placed on most problematic part of artificial reproduction, development, growth and offspring rearing of sterlet in technological aquaculture. The specific objective pursued by the sterlet were: method of non-invasive detection of gas in the digestive tract by radiologic imaging, the effect of different environmental conditions for the presence of gas in the digestive tract and assessment of broodstock for spawning, followed by offspring rearing.
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Artificial rearing of selected groups of birds in the zoo
ŠACHLOVÁ, Kateřina
The man has influenced the animals both in wild and in capture. Mainly it has happened by changing the landscape in the Nature (the ways how natural sources are exploited, by industrialization, by environmental climatic changes etc.). The man has influenced the animals in capture by artificial selection, by some "limiting" conditions under which the animals have been bred, by food selection, by selection of sexual partners, by providing pharmaceutical drugs and so on. The Zoo gardens have tried to access to the animal breeding scientifically and thus to minimize the species change as itself. Also they have led the wide public to the deeper knowledge. Thanks to this access and the research we have known specific demands for the life of the animals, their biology and interesting things as well as we can use them as bio-indicators. The hand - rearing can be useful (a species rescue) but unwanted, too. If we do not know needs of a given species in the more detailed way a bad artificial breeding may lead to aggressive, mentally retarded or even ill (by an influence of a wrong nutrition for example) individuals disable to be used in a next breeding. This is why the conditions of the hand - rearing are summarized in this work generally. First of all the hand - rearing is influenced by food, by right socialization as well as by the time of separation from the breeding, by surroundings and by a breeder´s access.
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The Evaluation of Reproduction in Bactrian Camels (Camelus bactrianus) and the Possibilities of Using Non-invasive Methods for Detection of Heat and Pregnancy
Fedorova, Tamara ; Lukešová, Daniela (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
Camels are important husbandry animals which are also often bred in zoological gardens. Unfortunately, camels in European zoos are not usually trained and pregnancy diagnosis in a half-tamed camel is very difficult. Moreover, information of the maternal behaviour of camels is limited. This thesis reviewed current knowledge on camel husbandry, reproduction and behaviour and aimed to 1) examine non-invasive methods of heat and pregnancy diagnosis from urine and saliva in camels kept in zoological gardens; 2) explore their maternal and suckling behaviour; 3) describe experiences with artificial rearing of camel calves. The research into non-invasive pregnancy diagnosis was carried out from 2010 to 2012. Urine from 14 camel females kept in four European zoological gardens was collected and tested using two chemical tests -- the Cuboni reaction and barium chloride test. The Cuboni reaction was significantly (p < 0.01) affected by the pregnancy status of female camels, and its accuracy increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the period leading up to parturition. The barium chloride test did not provide reliable results. Next, the saliva of five adult female camels was sampled for more than one year and concentrations of progesterone (P4) and oestradiol (E2) were measured. The concentrations of P4 (n = 312) and E2 (n = 310) were both significantly (p < 0.0001) affected by the pregnancy status of the animals. Maternal and suckling behaviour was observed from 2003 to 2009 in six zoological gardens, and the presented study includes partial data from this period. Allosuckling (i.e. when a female nurses a non-filial offspring) was described for the first time in camels and it represented 8.58% of all suckling bouts. The non-filial calves suckled more often in the lateral position and preferably joined the filial calf when suckling, so the results support the 'milk theft' hypothesis (stealing of milk) as a main cause of this behaviour. Finally, calf rearing in the Prague zoological garden was summarised and two camel calves were successfully artificially reared. This PhD thesis concluded that 1) the Cuboni reaction with urine and salivary P4 and E2 measurements are suitable methods for pregnancy diagnosis in half-tamed female camels; 2) allosuckling is relatively common in captive Bactrian camels; 3) the artificial rearing of camel calves with a calf milk replacer can be successful.
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