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The physical characteristics of secondary schoolchildren in relation to type of nutrition in infancy
REJTHAROVÁ, Denisa
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to elaborate a research of available Czech and foreign literature and to carry out a study to assess the body dimensions of the 14-year-old age group. Body height, weight, circumferential dimensions (right arm, abdomen, hips, right thigh) and skin algae (above triceps, subscapular, suprailiacal and thigh) were measured and assessed. The follow-up included both infants exclusively breastfed at least 4 months of age, and breastfed children, and infants, who were artificially fed. By comparing the average values of all measured body characteristics of secondary school children with different feeding patterns in infancy, statistically significant differences in values were calculated only in the circumference of the right arm and the right thigh between girls in favor of breastfed girls. Other differences in mean values were not statistically significant. Comparing the data of previous researches with the average values of measured probands, we can say that the average BMI values of secondary school boys and girls increase according to the 1999 and 2001 surveys due to a more pronounced increase in average body weight values and a less pronounced increase in body height. Comparing the average values of the measured probands with the data of the reference sets, it was found that since 1985 the peripheral dimensions of the boy ´s hips and thighs have been increasing significantly. The circumferential dimensions of the arms, hips and thighs of our nursing girls have been increasing since the year 1985, but there has been a significant reduction in the circumference of the abdomen. The average values of all skin algae are increasing compared to the 1985 data.
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The physical characteristics of preschool children in relation to type of nutrition in infancy
ŤOUPALOVÁ, Lenka
The part of this bachelor´s thesis is about description and comparison of breast milk and artificial nutrition. Some previous breastfeeding researches are also described here. The aim of the thesis is to assess selected the physical characteristics of breastfed and non-breastfed five years old children. The measured characteristics were body height, body weight, selected circumference characterictics (the right arm circumference, the gluteal circumference, the waist circumference and the right thigh circumference) and the values of selected skin folds (the skin fold over the triceps, the subscapulare skin fold, the suprailiacal skin fold and the thigh over the quadriceps). In addition, the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the sum of all four skin folds were calculated. The differences in average values for breastfed and non-breastfed children were not statistically significant by Student´s test (t-test). Only the skin fold on the thigh over the quadriceps was at limit of significance for the non-breastfed girls in our group. In contrast, the results of the Mann-Whitney test for breastfed and non-breastfed children were statististically significant for the suprailiacal skin fold, for the skin fold on the thigh over the quadriceps and for the sum of all four skin folds in favor of the non-breastfed girls. The differences in breastfed and non-breastfed averages were evaluated for the group reduced by probands with BMI values above 97th percentile. The t-test comparison showed a statistically significant difference in the group of girls. The non-breastfed girls had higher values of the subscapulare skin fold, skin fold on the thigh over the quadriceps and the sum of all four skin folds. The research part of the thesis includes the results of the relationship among the physical characteristics. The most interesting result were among the selected circumference and BMI. It was found that the BMI has the closes relationship with the arm circumference in all groups of our children. Further, it was found that the sum of skin folds has a closer relationship with BMI than with the body weight in non-breastfed boys group and both of girl´s groups. The children from our group were compared with the previous researches. The most significant results were related to the comparison of the body height and the body weight. Our group had statistically highly significant higher values of these both characteristics.
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The physical characteristics of primary schoolchildren in relation to type of nutrition in infancy
VAŠKOVÁ, Iveta
The objective of this bachelor thesis was the elaboration of a topic from available Czech and foreign literature and conducting a study to assess the body dimensions of children of younger school age in the category of nine-year-old due to the type of nutrition in infancy. Data collection was performed by the author of this work in the period from October 2017 to November 2018. Total measurements were attended by 136 children - 36 breastfed girls, 28 non-breastfed girls, 36 breastfed boys and 36 non-breastfed boys. The measurement was carried out at ten primary schools in the South Bohemian region in the municipalities from 3 to 6 thousand inhabitants and in the town with a population about 100 thousand. For the assessment were selected basic somatic data, such as body height, body weight and circumferential dimensions of the right arm, abdomen, hips and right thigh. There were also measured the skin folds - above the triceps, subscapular (below shoulder blade), suprailiacal (above the iliac crest) and on the thigh. The research performed in this thesis did not confirm the difference in the values of body characteristics of younger school children due to the type of their nutrition in infancy. The results of our research showed that non-breastfed children have higher average values in all measured parameters, but differences between breastfed and non-breastfed children were not statistically significant. Contribution of the bachelor thesis can be seen in the real use of the theoretical knowledge of this topic and methods of measurement in pedagogical practice. The results of the work could be interesting for professionals and the general public as a basis for further scientific investigation.
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Quality of life at home parenteral nutriton
Hauerová, Nikola ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
Bachelor thesis deals with quality of the life at home parenteral nutrition. Theoretical part briefly describes nutritional support, malnutrition and compares artificial nutrition. Further is described knowledge related to parenteral nutrition, its indications, contraindications, methods of filling; complications associated with venous access and the administration of nutrition itself. Other chapters focus on the home parenteral nutrition and last part deals with the notion: quality of life. To meet the main purpose of the work four objectives were set. The first objective was to determine the life quality of the patients on HPN. The second objective was to determine how patients on HPN were satisfied with support of the nutritional clinic. The third objective was to assess the extent to which symptoms affect the quality of life patients on HPN. A fourth objective was focused on comparing the quality of the life patients on HPN with and without stoma. The research part is compiled from anonymous standardized questionnaire dealing with the evaluation of quality of the life from the perspective of the patients themselves. The outcome of this work is detailed overview of the quality of the life and alerts the neglected quality of the life patients on HPN. Keywords: artificial nutrition, malnutrition,...
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History of infant nutrition since 1945 to 2008
VACUŠKOVÁ, Miluše
Nutrition of children of each age has its particular aspects. For the new born and infantile age it is mainly breast-feeding that is very significant. Nutrition with breast milk is ideally balanced, ensures the intake of high-quality nutrition that is well tolerated by the young organism and ensures the optimal growth and psychological development of the child. Thanks to its composition, breast milk increases the protective impact on the child with respect to infections and creates a natural bond between the mother and the child. In the Thesis, I was trying to look up decisive moments in the infantile nutrition concept both in this country and worldwide and to map the issue of breast feeding and formula feeding since the end of the Second World War up to the present. Also, I wanted to emphasize the irreplaceability of breast milk as wel as supplementing of artificial milks with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and their importance in the nutrition of children. Objective No. 1 of the Thesis has been to look up the key points in the infantile nutrition concept in the world since the beginning of the nineteenth century and since 1945 until this day in the Czech Republic. Objective No. 2 has been to prove that infantile formula nutrition has been focusing also on the immunological aspect apart from the nutritional ones. Objective No. 3 has been to create and aducational program proposal, which can serve as a practical guide for the application of theoretical data in clinical practice. Data necessary to achieve the determined objectives have been acquired by studing, analyses and comparison of available written documents relating to the natural and formula nutrition of infants. Most of these documents have been intended for the educational purposes at secondary school and universities in the Czech Republic. Also, data heve been taken from publications for parents and broad public published since 1945 until this day. By way of illustration, certain charts containing schemes of artificial nutrition corresponding to the time of creation have been used. On these schemes I wanted to show the chages in the concepts brought about by the development not only in the knowledge and thinking of people dealing with the nutrition of infants but also in the new possibilities and technology of the food processing industry.
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Child's nurse task in education of newborn's artificial nutrition
ZAJÍCOVÁ, Lucie
It is now after leaving the hospital breast-fed infants and 4.5% only 34% of infants are breastfed for longer than six months. If the mother is unable or unwilling to breastfeed her child, comes the work of children's nurses, which should comprehensively educate mothers on the artificial feeding. This work focuses on the problem of feeding the newborn. Its task is to map the role of pediatric nurses in the education of artificial infant feeding, as well as identify the reasons for mothers to stop lactation and the transfer of their children - infants to artificial feeding. We tried to find out what are the errors in the application of artificial infant feeding, which is committed by mothers, and whether it is possible to eliminate these errors led education process of children's nurses. The research part of our work was the method of quantitative-qualitative research. For qualitative research, data collection technique was used semistructured interview. The interview was anonymous. Quantitative research was conducted through interviews. The questionnaire was anonymous. It contained 23 questions. Research files of qualitative research, mothers are mothers who use feeding their newborn infants artificial nutrition products. This set of nine respondents were selected in the Region. The research sample consisted of quantitative research for pediatric nurses, working in the department of physiological neonatal hospital South Bohemia. The results of our work we want to move the broader public, mothers who have decided, at its discretion, that are unwilling or unable to breast-feed. We created educational material to make the children's nurses working at the department of physiological and pathological newborn, as well as nurses in primary care.
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Nursing care and nourishment of premature baby
LONGÍNOVÁ, Ilona
NURSING CARE AND NOURISHMENT OF PREMATURE BABY A newborn baby isn´t a little adult, a newborn baby is basically a defenceless creature demanding a very complex care that aims at creating secure conditions for its life. It requires love, tenderness and a lot of devotion for the whole period of 24 hours. The bachelor´ s dissertation paper is dealing with the subject `` Nursing care and nourishment of a premature baby{\crqq} In the theory section the difference between a physiological and high risk newborn baby, the principles of care on the intermediary ward, the nourishment problems and the favourable consequences of breast feeding and breast milk not only on these children are described. Some of the aspects of the care are pointed out aiming at satisfying the basic needs of a baby. Dissertation objective: The paper itself is engaged in finding out something about how well mothers of high risk newborn babies, who are hospitalized on intermediary wards in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice, are informed on a suitable care and nourishment procedures in their children. It should find out how far they have gone with their knowledge of the way their children should be taken care of before they leave the hospital. It is supposed to highlight the drawbacks of the staff , to remove these drawbacks and thus to improve the quality of care. Hypotheses: Two positive hypotheses were formulated referring directly to the particulars goals. 1/ The mothers who are hospitalized on the intermediary wards for newborn babies in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice are aware of the necessity of properly nourishing the child. 2/ The mothers who are hospitalized on the intermediary wards for newborn babies in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice are sufficiently informed about the proper care leading to meeting the needs of their children. Data Collecting: The research mentioned above was carried out on the intermediary wards in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice. A questionnaire was composed to collect the relevant data. There were 22 questionnaires handed out in each ward and the research group was set up including 37 mothers of the hospitalized children. The questions included in the questionnaire referred predominantly to how well the mothers are informed about the child´s care and nourishing problems and they were supplemented with some identification. The gained information was properly processed and evaluated. The results were put in graphs. To get a more distinct picture of the results a pie chart was selected. The research results are assessed in the discussion and confronted with the hypotheses. Conclusions: Both the nourishing care and the nourishment of a premature baby are a subject involving a lot of medical, psychological and social problems. A maternity ward nurse plays a very important and definite role in the care of a premature baby. Supported by her profesonal abilities she is able to initiate such a method of work that reacts immediately to the needs of a child in a positive way. The educational contact with the child´s parents is eqally important and plays a very precise role. The fact how well mothers are informed is influenced by their age, by how much they are interested in getting information and its resources and how much they are willing to be educated by the medical staff on the intermediary wards in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice where they are hospitalized with their children. The research results are very good.
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