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Green and blue infrastructure: means of reducing surface temperatures in the urban environment
SEDLÁČEK, Jan
Climate change may accelerate the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect with many consequences for the well-being of human populations in cities. Green and blue infrastructures (GBI) are presented as a way to mitigate the UHI effect. In our study, the influence of GBI (primarily less studied types) on surface temperature (ST) was tested using a thermal camera. Various types of GBI (e. g. tree shade and lawn) and their combination were compared.
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Urban vegetation - temporal analysis of urban vegetation impact on local climate using remote sensing
PAVLÍČKOVÁ, Lenka
The urban heat island (UHI) is a phenomenon of noticeably higher temperatures in the cities as compared to their respective surrounding areas. This thesis aims at characterizing the influence of city expansion to the urban heat island phenomenon. The study is carried out in a city of Caceres in the Spanish province of the same name. A model input data is obtained with Landsat multispectral images. The analysis of satellite images shows that functional vegetation cover and water surfaces help in mitigating urban heat island effect. However, the Caceres city expansion does not influence the urban heat island intensity. A possible explanation for it is as the city expanded the ratio of vegetation to dry land remains constant in time.
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Modelling assessment of scenarios of urban development to air quality and thermal comfort at street level
Resler, Jaroslav ; Krč, Pavel ; Belda, Michal ; Juruš, Pavel ; Benešová, N. ; Vlček, O. ; Damašková, D. ; Eben, Kryštof ; Derbek, P.
A new model for simulations of urban environment USM was developed and integrated into LES model PALM inside the project UrbanAdapt. The model allows simulations of air flow, radiation, air temperature and temperature of materials, air pollution and indices MRT and PET in fine resolution. The surrounding of a crossroad of the streets Komunardu and Delnicka in Praha-Holesovice was chosen as a pilot area in collaboration with IPR Prague. Studied scenarios included changes of housing development as well as assessment of different types of plant canopy and sensitivity studies of the colour of walls, roofs, streets and pavements.
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Development and validation of the new model of thermal conditions of urban environment in fine resolution
Resler, Jaroslav ; Krč, Pavel ; Belda, Michal ; Juruš, Pavel ; Benešová, N. ; Lopata, J. ; Vlček, O. ; Damašková, D. ; Eben, Kryštof ; Derbek, P. ; Maronga, P. ; Kanani-Sühring, F.
The assessment of different scenarios of the city development to air quality and thermal comfort in the areas of street canyons was our main goal inside the project UrbanAdapt. It follows the need for a model which allows to simulate air flows in fine resolution of the order of meter and realistically predict turbulence in the complex terrain of streets and buildings. The LES models comply with such requirements but the review showed that there was no free available LES model which could model the energy exchange in urban environment, i.e. the interaction of energy and air flows including effects of vegetation and different properties of urban surfaces and materials. Thus we decided to extend the existing LES model PALM by a new module USM (Urban Surface Model) which describes the most important energy exchanges in the urban environment. The validation of the model was done against observations obtained by IR camera in the course of heat wave episode in July 2015.
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Physiological equivalent temperature as an indicator of the UHI effect with the city of Prague as an example
Zahradníček, Pavel ; Žák, M. ; Skalák, Petr
Description of an Urban Heat Island (UHI) using the difference in air temperature is one of the world's most studied characteristics. If, however, one wants to express how the temperature is perceived by humans, one must consider the overall effect of air temperature, wind speed, air humidity and radiation flows, which is expressed using temperature bioclimatological indexes. One of them is the socalled physiological equivalent temperature (PET), which is used for quantification of the overall effect of meteorological parameters combined with human energetic balance and which is perceived by humans. The RayMan (MATZARAKIS et al. 2007, 2010) microscale models in the city of Prague were used to simulate biometeorological conditions describing the effect on humans using PET.
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The importance of vegetation for climate forming in urban areas.
MARVALOVÁ, Jindra
Urban heat island is a phenomenon of different temperatures in cities compared to temperatures in the surrounding landscape. The intensity of this phenomenon can be influenced by the presence of vegetation in cities. There is evaluated the effect of vegetation on microclimate in various parts of the city České Budějovice in this thesis. The assessment is based on the evaluation of multispectral Landsat satellite images and thermal images, which were taken in-situ using thermal camera, and their statistical processing. The results show statistically significant differences in surface temperatures in the different areas of the city with a different amount of vegetation. Surface temperatures are significantly lower in areas with a large amount of vegetation than in areas without vegetation. Equally, selected vegetation surfaces have lower temperatures compared to anthropogenic surfaces, at least about 9 ° C.
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