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Characterization of Natural Biostimulants and Their Effect on Soil Properties
Hanzelková, Kateřina ; Bělonožníková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
Biostimulants represent an environmentally friendly way of protecting plants and supporting their growth. Here, fermented nettle was characterized in terms of antioxidant properties, protein content, and activities of selected enzymes. Furthermore, this study focused on the effects of biostimulants (fermented nettle and vermicompost) on soil properties. Fermented nettle showed high content of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant capacity. Activity of proteases, as well as acid and alkaline phosphatases was successfully determined in fermented nettle. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher than that of acid phosphatase. Protease, endo-β-1,3-glucanase, and total peroxidase activities were determined in soils of plants treated with biostimulants - fermented nettle (N), vermicompost (V) - and compared with control (C). All groups of plants were also exposed to drought stress (D). Application of biostimulants did not affect protease activity in watered groups but D groups showed a significant increase in proteolysis. Endo-β-1,3-glucanase activity was higher in the groups treated with biostimulants and drought did not affect the activity. The group VD showed significantly higher total peroxidase activity than other groups. The protein content in groups treated with biostimulants was...
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Effect of triazole fungicides on soil properties
Račko, Ján ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
Plant protection still depends on the use of pesticides, often in mixtures that pose a potential threat to non-target organisms. Triazole fungicides (tebuconazole, penconazole and others) are widely used in agriculture against fungal pathogens, but they can affect both the metabolism of the plants themselves and the composition of soil organisms. Biochemical indicators of soil health and quality include the content of microorganisms and the activity of glycosidase, protease and dehydrogenase enzymes. In this work, it was investigated how the application of penconazole and tebuconazole and their combination by watering the soil and spraying on the leaves of edible tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Cherrola) affects the activities of enzymes involved in carbon and phosphorus metabolism. Endoglycosidases involved in the degradation of plant and fungal cell walls (cellulases, chitinases) were found to have reduced activities in the soil contaminated with triazoles, while the activity of endo-β-1,3-glycanase was increased in the sPT group. The activity of exoglycosidases (β-glucosidases, β-hexosaminidases, β-galactosidases and α-mannosidases) in the soil was increased. The activity of these enzymes was also determined in the roots of tomato plants, from which enzymes can be secreted into the soil....
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