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Metabolický syndrom
Kosková, Kristýna
The bachelor thesis deals with the causes of metabolic syndrome and its components such as obesity, high blood pressure (hypertension), dyslipidemie, which is chracterized with increased concenration of triglycerides and decreased concentration of HDL-cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. At the same type it is focused on the principles of proper nutrition, because metabolic syndrome is currently a civilization disease that causes lots of diseases. These diseases are often fatal. Therefore, emphasis is placed on early detection of this syndrome with subsequent treatment. The most important thing is prevention, especially a healthy lifestyle. The next part of thesis deals with the methodology, process and results of body measurements on the InBody device. Here are introduced two different measurements on people of different sex, age and lifestyle.
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Vliv konzumace stravy obohacené o pokrutiny z ostropestřce mariánského na hodnoty celkového bilirubinu, glukózy a triacylglycerolů
KOUBKOVÁ, Diana
The bachelor´s thesis on "The impact of consuming a diet enriched with milk thistle seeds on the levels of total bilirubin, glucose and triacylglycerols" focuses on the issue of liver diseases and possible subsequent treatment, with Silymarin primarily serving as a preventive measure against liver ailments. Nowadays, liver damage is becoming an increasingly common problem, potentially attributed to inappropriate dietary habits and an unhealthy lifestyle leading to a rising number of obese individuals. Excessive medication intake can also pose a risk. The effects of various hepatoprotective agents have been studied by scientists worldwide. The influence of Silymarin is relatively well-researched, with its hepatoprotective properties confirmed. The aim of this study was to determine whether this positive effect on the liver persists even when Silymarin seed powder is used in baking bread. In the research section of the Bachelor's thesis, blood samples from laboratory mice were obtained, and the serum was subjected to subsequent biochemical analysis. The data collected was processed into tables, calculating the average concentrations of total bilirubin, glucose, and triacylglycerols, along with standard deviations. Statistical evaluation was performed using ANOVA testing, determining the level of significance (p). It was found that paracetamol does not significantly alter the levels of total bilirubin and triacylglycerols, whereas a decrease in glucose levels was observed with paracetamol administration. When observing changes over the feeding period, total bilirubin remained largely unchanged, as did glucose levels. Triacylglycerol levels were higher in mice fed for 90 days compared to those fed for 14 days. The results of the Bachelor's thesis can serve as a source of data and be utilized for further research studies.
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Home parenteral nutrition during a day and night regime
Fidlerová, Karolína ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Staněk, Ivo (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with home parenteral nutrition in the day and night regime and its effect on patients. Parenteral nutrition is usually administered at night so that patients can do normal daily activities and so that nutrition administered in this way has the least impact on their lives. Parenteral nutrition is not a physiological route of nutrient administration and it is not natural for the human body to process nutrients at night. The first part of the theoretical work presents parenteral nutrition and its composition, indications, contraindications and complications. The next part of the thesis describes home parenteral nutrition and its organisation which is necessary for this form of nutritional support to be implemented. It is necessary to monitor many laboratory values on parenteral nutrition, the theoretical part specifically mentions cholesterol, triacylglycerols, glycemia or liver function tests. One of the important parts is the chapter about circadian rhythms, hormones and metabolic changes in energy intake at night. Qualitative research was chosen for this work, which involved 17 patients on home parenteral nutrition. These patients were getting their nutrition during the night. Their laboratory values such as liver function tests, glycaemia and blood fats was evaluated and...
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Regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity in circulation
Zemánková, Kateřina ; Kovář, Jan (advisor) ; Vrablík, Michal (referee)
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in lipoprotein metabolism. The enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (TG) of chylomicrons and of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). However, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of this protein are not fully understood yet. Therefore, the aim of the theses is to study selected aspects of LPL activity regulation. Recently discovered apolipoprotein A-V (apo A-V) substantially affects triglyceridemia and it is presumed that it may function as LPL activator. However, its concentration in the blood is extremely low and we therefore investigated whether most of apo A-V could be bound to the heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) of vascular wall similarly to LPL. Intravenous heparin application in healthy volunteers resulted in an expected increase in LPL activity but apo A-V concentration did not change. Our results do not support the hypothesis that most of apo A-V is bound to HSPG of the capillary endothelium. An alcohol consumption plays also a role in LPL regulation - the long-term moderate alcohol consumption is known to increase enzyme activity; on the contrary, it is presumed that LPL activity is inhibited immediately after alcohol consumption. However, the direct evidence for such a premise is missing. The other aim of the theses was to...
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Disorders of energetic metabolism of the horned cattle
HORČIČKOVÁ, Michaela
The work was concentrated on the value of an impact for metabolism of two types of nutritive ration with milch cows of Holstein breed in the period of making cow milk on the top of lactation. The nutritive ration based on the grass haylage was compared to the nutritive mixed ration based on the grass haylage and maize silage. The successive energetic parameters glycaemia, cholesterol, triacylglycerols, urae and totally albumens were evaluated in the practised metabolic profile tests. Complementary parameters were enzyme gamma-glutamyl, ketone bodies substances and acid-basic secretion of urine. The work evidenced that the nutritive ration based on the grass haylage did not fill up the determinated requirements from the point of the dry substance and nett energy of lactation. The mentioned lack reflected the reduced content triacylglycerols especially in the rising phase of lactation. The energetic deficit in that period was not such that a reduction of the condition of the milch cows would occure frequently and the creation of ketone bodies substances. The nutritive ration based on the grass haylage is possible to use like an alternative nourishment of high productive milch cows in marginal situations and only for limited time.
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