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Current methods of prevention and possibilities of treatment of bovine mastitis
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Kamila
My bachelor work called Current methods of prevention and possibilities of treatment of bovine mastitis has been created with a view to the fact that mastitis is one of the most economic significant disease of cattle . The prevention of mastitis includes individual measures important for maintaining the health of dairy cows. The basic principle of prevention is to avoid weakening the natural immunity of dairy cows and especially of the mammary gland as such. To maintain healthy mammary glands the welfare of the cows is important. Dairy cows should be properly housed and fed a high quality, harmless food. An important measure is the correct milking procedure. Pasture has a very favourable effect on the health and welfare of dairy cows. An important aspect in the prevention of mastitis is drying off which is often carried out at a flat rate and globally. The use of non-antibiotic cements is a new trend of drying off, only usable in dairy cows with healthy mammary gland. Research in the immunoprophylaxis of mastitis is still ongoing, because the etiology of mastitis is not yet entirely clear. Conventional treatment of mastitis is based on the use of antibiotics during lactation or during the dry period. According to the seriousness of the disease is selected a local or total application or a combination of both. Supplementary treatment is the application of enzymatic preparations which reduce the required dose of antibiotics and accelerate healing. The unconventional treatment of mastitis that is more common on organic farms, is represented by homeopathy and phytotherapy, which are used mostly in mild inflammation of the mammary gland. If therapy should be an effective, early start of treatment is very important.
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Development, growth and variability of semiaquatic bug Microvelia reticulata (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae)
VOJTOVÁ, Lucie
I investigated the effect of environmental factors (temperature and food availability) on the development and growth of semiaquatic bug Microvelia reticulata Burmeister, 1835. I focused on the developmental rate isomorphy. In a cross-designed experiment, M. reticulata was individually kept over whole juvenile period (eggs to reaching maturity) and subjected to treatments of three temperature (17, 21, 25 °C) and two food availability (full - daily feeding and reduced - 2 days interval) and their interaction. Development and growth was strongly influenced by temperature. Longest postembryonic development measured in individuals kept in the lowest temperature (54 days) contrasted to those kept in the highest temperature (16 days). Mortality was also significantly influenced by temperature; highest mortality rate was found in the 17 °C treatment. Effect of food availability was significant only in low temperature, resulting in the better survival of individuals on the high food level. In other temperature treatments, I found no effect of food on survival rate of M. reticulata. However, the food level influenced development significantly. In the 21 °C and 25 °C treatment, individuals on a full food developed faster than individuals on a reduced food. In 17 °C the food availability had no effect on time required to reach maturity. The best fitness (expressed as combination of low mortality rate and short development) was observed in 21 °C, both other temperature treatment were found stressing. Food availability had stronger effect on female individuals compared to males. In conclusion, I found no evidence of developmental rate isomorphy in M. reticulata. The research was supported by project of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic GAČR P505/10/0096.
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Chemická recyklace měkké polyurethanové pěny
Ústav makromolekulární chemie AV ČR, Praha ; Synková, Hana ; Dušková, Miroslava ; Kotek, Jiří ; Řehová, Lucie ; Pospíšil, Jan ; Kruliš, Zdeněk ; Horák, Zdeněk ; Holler, Petr ; Beneš, Hynek
Cílem výzkumného záměru je návrh a optimalizace recyklačního postupu chemické recyklace polyurethanové měkké pěny z autosedaček a dalších demontovaných polyurethanových částí z autovraků tak, aby výsledný recyklát byl znovu použitelný při výrobě nové recyklační jednotky. Výsledky by měly zároveň sloužit jako podklad pro posouzení ekonomické schůdnosti navržených technologických řešení recyklace v provozním měřítku, zvláště pak pro předběžný výpočet investičních a provozních nákladů. Zpráva zahrnuje výsledky prvního roku řešení a je rozdělena do etap: Zajištění současného stavu poznání v oblasti chemické recyklace PUR pěn, Analytická charakterizace vstupního materiálu (PUR pěny), Vypracování postupu úpravy pěnových PUR odpadů na formu vhodnou pro vlastní chemolýzu, Experimentální studie gykolýzy jako metody vhodné pro chemolýzní rozklad PUR pěny a Analýza chemolýzních produktů
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Injuries of cyclists from the perspective of prehospital emergency care
KRBOVÁ, Petra
The popularity of everyday, both leisure and racing cycling, increases. The spectrum of accidents and injuries related to cycling extends with the increasing choice of bicycles for different types of cycling. Especially in summer months paramedics repeatedly provide prehospital emergency care to cyclists. A wide range of injuries require different intensity of treatment and care. The theoretical part is focused on a brief characteristics and descriptions of selected injuries, which are part of the research. The research was carried out by the quantitative form, by means of a questionnaire. It was distributed to paramedics in the South-Bohemian Region and in the Vysočina Region. The objective of the thesis was to assess and map the approach of paramedics to an injured cyclist, the correctness of provided care for selected injuries that are mentioned in the theoretical part from the perspective of prehospital emergency care and the evaluation of the need to pay more attention to this issue or to retain the current provided care and update only the new information and findings. The result of the research is the confirmation of all the research hypotheses. The questions testing knowledge of definitions of polytrauma and injuries were mostly answered correctly. The research questions focused on treatment and subsequent transport were also answered mostly correctly. Even though the research results were good and hypotheses were proved, it is necessary to bear in mind that cycling injuries are part of prehospital emergency care. Paramedics should be aware of current practices and continue with self-education.
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Diabetes mellitus and its impact to state budget of the Czech Republic
Metelková, Kateřina ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Marešová, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis deals with quantifying the costs of treatment of disease, which is by experts described as pandemic of the 21st century, diabetes. In the Czech Republic, the costs of treatment represents more than 6 % of total health expenditures and its quantity is growing, as well as the number of patients. The main goal is to determine costs of treatment for the 1st and the 2nd type of diabetes and the post-treatment complications associated with this disease using up-to-date statistical data and methodology called Pilot analysis of pharmacoeconomic aspects of diabetes mellitus treatment. This thesis also evaluates the change in regulation announcement in the CR and the Czech Republic's approach to diabetes as an incurable disease.
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Analysis of the production process of the company Abydos s. r. o.
Sciranka, Peter ; Kislingerová, Eva (advisor) ; Kupec, Olga (referee)
The rapid evolution of a turbulent world economy in recent years has caused problems to a large number of enterprises, especially those that operate in cyclical sectors of the economy. The aim of this thesis is the financial and economic analysis of the company Abydos s. r. o., which operates in the engineering industry and its main business is supplying components for the automotive industry. Another objective is to analyze selected parts of the manufacturing process and design optimization and measures that would help the company improve the process and thus improve economic results of the company.
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Alcohol as a common phenomenon now
HANZALOVÁ, Zuzana
There are many reasons why people tend to consume alcohol. One of them is the influence of society. People practically get acquainted with alcohol in early childhood during different family celebrations where drinking alcohol is very tolerated. Certain amount can be accepted. Another reason, why people tend to drink alcohol, could be very individual. People are not able to deal with their problems and stresses, which are brought with their workload and this rushed age. But in both cases it could lead to the situation where the first shots do not work any more. Their amount must be increased ? but that also means higher load for body. Higher consumation of alcohol also brings the risk of exceeding of certain border. Person starts to drink excessively, no regard to his (her) health, age or suitable timing. The theoretical part of my thesis is aimed to the reasons of alcoholism formation and single stages of addiction. It also describes secondary illnesses to alcoholism, prevention and treatment of that. It deals with the groups of people which are the most endangered by addiction. The work contains the comparation of domestic and world statistics. The basis of the practical part is the research of different age groups of inhabitants which is aimed to alcohol attitude, degree of tolerance, finding of drinking frequency and amount of drink alcohol, differences between men and women. In cooperation with mental institution in Jihlava I have watched and treated the life destinies of concrete persons. There are also statistics of mental institution and statistics of accidents caused by driving under alcohol influence processed.
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