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Determination of nutritional values and antioxidant capacity of different edible roots
Ciffrová, Karolína ; Bendová, Agáta (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with selected edible roots, their nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and use in healthy eating. Eight selected edible roots were analyzed: type A, B and C potatoes, red potatoes, sweet potatoes, and purple potatoes were selected as representatives of potatoes. Jerusalem artichoke and cassava represent the other two root crops. The theoretical section of the thesis describes the basic characteristics of root crops, as well as the description and composition of the nutritional substances they contain, i.e. proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and antioxidant properties. The general characteristics of the methods used for analysis are also described here. The experimental part is based on specific analyses, procedures, results, chemicals and laboratory equipment used to determine the basic nutritional values and antioxidant capacity of these selected root vegetables. First, the total dry matter content was established to be about 23 % in the selected root crops. Higher dry matter content was determined for the cassava at 35 %. Crude protein content determined by the Kjeldahl method ranges from 6.5-9.9 %. The gravimetrically determined fiber in the given root crops was in the range of 0.27–0.91 %. The starch content is significantly higher in the cassava (46 %) than in other root crops. The inulin content was determined in sweet potatoes and Jerusalem artichokes instead of starch content; this value is significant for the Jerusalem artichoke (258.58 g/kg). Fat content in grams per 100 grams of dry matter was determined by Soxhlet extraction. Significant fat content was determined for sweet potatoes (12.6 g/100 g). From the extracted fats, the fatty acid profile was determined for individual root vegetables, such as the content of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Total and reducing carbohydrates, determined by the spectrophotometric method, were measured separately in the peel and pulp of the root crops. Antioxidant capacity was determined using antioxidant activity values, polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations. Of the vitamins, vitamin C was determined, vitamin E only in type B, C and purple potatoes. For sweet potatoes, beta-carotene was determined to be 540.56 g/g. The measured and calculated results are plotted in graphs. Finally, there is a discussion of the conclusions of the individual methods.
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Evaluation of the selected biological, production and processing properties of Jerusalem artichoke
ZIKMUNDA, Jan
The diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of selected biological, production and processing properties of Jerusalem artichoke tubers. For this purpose, a trial was established in the spring of 2021 in the locality Valečov situated in the district Havlíčkův Brod. Four varieties of Jerusalem artichoke were involved into the trial - Karin, Rút, Skarlet and Zlata. The varieties were grown in three variants. Individual cultivation operations, gradual plant growth and tuber harvest were recorded. For all varieties following parameters were evaluated: tuber yield, mean number of tu-bers per plant, mean tuber weight, tuber dry matter content, inulin content in fresh matter, inulin content in dry matter. The variety Rút achieved five best results in the six studied parameters: yield of 42.6 t/ha, tuber weight of 45.30 g, tuber dry matter content of 32.71 %, inulin content in fresh matter of 16.02 %, inulin content in dry matter of 49.06 %. Dry matter content of harvested tubers was measured. Jerusalem artichoke flour and semolina were produced from dry matter. Jerusalem artichoke flour or semolina replaced a half of a third of common flour in eight food products that were subjected to sensory evaluation.
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Možnosti uplatnenia topinamburu (Helianthus tuberosus L.) v potravinárstve.
Zástavková, Katarína
Bachalor thesis on the topic: „The possibilities of using topinambour (Helianthus tu-berosus L.) in the food industry“ is devoted to the topinambour plant, charasteristics, utilization and effects on human. The theoretical part deals with topinambour cultivation and habitat requirements. More detailed definition of morphology, anatomy and chemical composition. The next section includes harvest, tuber storage and proccesing options. The end of the theoretical part is focusing on effects on humans associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The thesis also includes a practical part in the form of pastry production with addition of topinambour flour and sensory evaluation.
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Critical evaluation of potential of harvested product proteins in selected crops from perspective of their use in food and biotechnological applications
BUCKOVÁ, Pavlína
This diploma thesis deals with plant proteins. Literary review discusses the properties of the major proteins in selected agricultural crops (wheat, barley, oats, corn, peas, soybeans, canola, potato, Jerusalem artichoke) and their use in food, diet, biotechnology and other industries. The diploma thesis was also assessing the potential production of proteins in these crops on the basis of literature and available statistical data. Data is organized into tables and graphs
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