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Pain monitoring and relief in pediatric patients after atrial septal defect surgery with sternotomy
Demjanová, Monika ; Raudenská, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Vlachová, Marie (referee)
Pain after cardiac surgery to correct developmental defects in pediatric patients is one of the most common nursing problems that affect overall recovery after surgery. This bachelor's thesis on "Monitoring and pain control in pediatric patients after atrial septal defect surgery with sternotomy" discusses in detail in the theoretical part about developmental heart defects, how they are diagnosed and treated, and the pain that accompanies postoperative recovery during hospitalization. The empirical part of the bachelor's thesis considers the results of quantitative research, and Mircosoft Excel and Statistica 14 software were used for their statistical and graphical evaluation. The research method chosen was retrospective data collection from the patient records of the Children's Cardiac Centre of the 2nd Faculty of Medicine of and Motol University Hospital. The aim of the study was to determine to what extent certain factors (gender, hospitalization with a parent, presence of chest drains and CRP level) influence the experience of pain in pediatric patients after cardiac surgery. The conclusion of the paper discusses the evaluation of the results of the research and points out the differences in pain experience mainly based on gender and the presence of chest drains after surgery, but also the...
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The effect of epidural analgesia depending on the time of administration and female parity
Hanusová, Aneta ; Laštůvka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Čiháková, Karolína (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of epidural analgesia as one of the most effective methods of labour pain control. The main aim of the bachelor thesis is to evaluate whether epidural analgesia is administered more frequently in primiparas or multiparas, and what is the frequency of epidural analgesia administration depending on the time of day at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague. The thesis contains theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is devoted to the definition of physiological labour, description of labour times, labour pain and epidural analgesia, which includes anatomy of the spinal canal, indications, contraindications, drugs and technique of application. The practical part is the research part. It was carried out using analytical data collection from medical records and Medea hospital information system. The retrospective analysis was performed at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague. Keywords: epidural analgesia, time of administration, time of day, parity, primipara, multipara, effect, delivery, pain control
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The usage of audiovisual aids at taking a blood sample from child
BRČÁKOVÁ, Dominika
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the possibilities of using audiovisual aids during venous blood sampling in children. The issue of pain management should be studied because it is very important to prevent or at least minimize pain. Pain caused during medical procedures can be traumatizing for a child and can also affect their attitude towards further treatment. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part describes the different developmental periods of a child, the character and approaches to venous blood sampling, education, fear, pain, pain management techniques, and pain assessment scales. The practical part contains the results obtained from the research study. The main objective of this thesis was to determine whether the use of audiovisual aids can reduce pain during venous blood sampling in children. The study used the method of participant observation, and the results were recorded using a structured recording form. Data collection took place at the pediatric department of a hospital in South Bohemia. A total of 30 respondents were observed and divided into 2 groups, with each group containing 15 respondents. In the first group, venous blood sampling was performed in the usual way, while in the second group, an audiovisual aid, a tablet with pre-selected fairy tales, was used during the procedure. The selection of fairy tales was based on the age of the respondents. Based on the results, it was found that the audiovisual aid is not fully helpful in reducing pain during venous blood sampling in children. It can be used as a distraction tool before venous blood sampling, as it can entertain the child while waiting for the procedure. However, during the actual blood draw and pain, the child did not show much interest in the aid. It is also important to note that the observed interest in this potential aid was only apparent in children aged four and older.
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Subjective perception of midwifery care provided to delivering women
ŠTRUNCOVÁ, Daniela
This thesis titled "Subjective perceptions of care provided by a midwife from the perspective of a laboring woman deals aout the perception of midwifery care provided by women in the delivery room. The work is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretically described, who is a midwife, her competence and activity in prenatal care for childbirth and the postpartum period. It also focuses on the role of partner at birth, the circumstances which affect the perception of mothers giving birth and the importance of communication between parents and health professionals. The second part is a survey focuses on women's knowledge about the profession of midwives, on their personal experience, ideas about childbirth and achieve them, and the presence of a partner during childbirth. The aim of this thesis was to find out what was expected of mothers with which it came to the delivery room. On the basis of the goals were set two research questions. The first research question: How mothers perceive midwifery care? The second research question: What are the expectations of women who come to the delivery room? To achieve the target was used qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interview. The research sample consisted of thirteen women after childbirth station postpartum hospital Liberec region in January 2017. Interviews were with the consent of respondents recorded, transcribed and then classified into two categories (midwifery care and delivery). It has been divided into subcategories. Category midwives´s care were divided into five subcategories (Knowledge mothers about midwife, mothers expectations, the woman´s perceptions of midwifery care, the mother´s perception of midwives personality, midwifery care at the station postpartum.). The second category includes two subcategories (The idea of childbirth and its fulfillment, partner at birth). The research showed that most women in the delivery room comes without some idea of how they might look like childbirth. Women in labor who have any expectations, mostly from antenatal courses, books, the Internet and the experience of their friends. Their most common expectation is pain but themselves indicate that even she is surprised at his strength. Only three respondents indicated that they had certain expectations of how they should look to their birth and one of the respondent's directly determine claims about how they wanted her birth took place. This respondent expected primarily natural childbirth without intervention and as soon as possible contact with a newborn. Mothers perceived midwife primarily as a support, which is imortant for them during labor and a very important element to which they can turn for help and advice. This thesis may be a motive to improve midwifery care for women birthing room. It can also serve as information material for students of midwifery or pregnant women.
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Antenatal education and its importance for mothers.
ŠRÁMKOVÁ, Lucie
Childbirth is the most beautiful moment, however, it is also a turning point in life for both women and men. Pregnant women can be afraid of the delivery, therefore, they often seek advice in antenatal preparation courses. Women can start attending the courses anytime, but the most of them start at an advanced stage of pregnancy. In the courses, women get acquainted with the process of pregnancy, in addition, they are being prepared to the delivery, lying-in and breastfeeding. The knowledge gained during these courses lead to the removal of negative emotions associated with the delivery. The introduction of this thesis is theoretical and describes the history of antenatal preparation. In the next part, we focused on the current state of antenatal preparation courses and we divided them into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part of the course is divided into chapters that contain information pregnant women should receive in the antenatal preparation courses. The part describes pregnancy, maternity and parental leave, the selection of the maternity hospital, when to go to the hospital and what to take with you, accompaniment in the delivery room, preparation for the delivery, pain relief, the period of lying-in, child care and breastfeeding. The practical part of the course describes what are the appropriate physical activity during pregnancy, practicing breathing and relaxing positions during the delivery. The aim of the research part of this thesis was to determine whether mothers are satisfied with antenatal preparation courses management in Pribram and surroundings and whether they will use the information provided in the courses. The practical part was conducted using qualitative research techniques. The data was gathered through interviewing using semi-structured interviews. These interviews were recorded and subsequently processed and rewritten for better clarity. The obtained data was analyzed by hand coding then. For greater clarity, the results were organized into one main category containing 12 subcategories. The research sample consisted of 6 women who attended an antenatal preparation course in Pribram and surroundings. Interviews were anonymous and were conducted in private, outside the hospital. The first research question dealt with how participants evaluate the quality of antenatal preparation courses in Pribram and surroundings. The research revealed that the majority of interviewees (70%) was satisfied with the antenatal preparation courses management in the area and the course was positively evaluated. Most women recommends to visit an antenatal preparation course, at least during the first pregnancy. The results show that the midwives who led the courses seemed to be nice and friendly to the respondents. There was only 1 respondent who was not satisfied with the midwife. The second research question focused on how participants use the information provided in antenatal preparation courses. The survey showed that the most frequently used information gained from the courses include information about breathing during the delivery, child care, lying-in and breastfeeding and about organizational matters. The third research question concentrated on lack of information in antenatal preparation courses. The results revealed that a half of respondents did not miss any information during the course. The second half of interviewees lacked information about C-section and about the rights during the delivery and breastfeeding. After analyzing the survey, it was discovered that women learn valuable information in antenatal preparation courses that helps them during the delivery and taking care of the child then. The results of this thesis might be used to improve and extend the prenatal care for pregnant women and midwives leading the antenatal preparation courses. A recommendation we can make for birth attendants is to spread information about the rights during the delivery.
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