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Evaluation of glutathione content in plants as a marker of heavy metals environmental contamination
Borková, Marie ; Stoupalová, Michaela (referee) ; Opatřilová,, Radka (advisor)
Dependence of glutathione concentration on the amount of thallium in the plant was studied. Observed plant was maize (Zea mays) which was divided to two parts – root and overground. Two culture procedures were elaborated where seeds and young seedlings were cultivated in a solution of thallium of concentration 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, a 10 µmol/l. Extraction agents used during extraction were phosphate buffer and solution of ascorbic acid. Determination of glutathione was realized by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Diode array detector (DAD) was used in both methods. Quantification of the thallium amount in the plant was done by method of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).
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Study of behaviour of selected elements in soil profiles on the Alsar deposit, North Macedonia.
Fizková, Karolína ; Mihaljevič, Martin (advisor) ; Vaňková, Maria (referee)
This thesis is dealing with the behaviour and mobility of hazardous elements Tl, Hg and As occurring in anthropogenic soils on the heaps of the former Alshar deposit in North Macedonia. As, Sb and Au mining had been taking here since the 15th century, peaking during the 19th and first half of the 20th century. Local soils were thus created by periodic layering of tailings of varying age and origin. Nowadays, the area is known mainly for its large number of unique mineral phases, as well as for its extensive possibilities for soil contamination research. The contents of the elements in the samples were exceptionally high and without optimisation of measurement and appropriate dilution would exceed the upper limit of detection of the analytical methods. Arsenic and Tl occur on average in the tens to hundreds of mg/kg, while Hg occurs in the hundreds of mg/kg. The behaviour of the hazardous elements was assessed in relation to soil characteristics, including granulometry, pH, cation exchange capacity, total carbon and sulphur content, or content of Fe, Mn and Al oxides. Correlation with concentrations of other elements was also taken into account. In addition, an isotopic ratio of ε 205 Tl was determined for Tl in the selected samples. However, from the complete measurement results, it was very...
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Thalium in soils
Fisher, Meir ; Mihaljevič, Martin (advisor) ; Vaněk, Aleš (referee)
SUMMARY: Thallium is a nonessential element, more toxic than mercury, lead, cadmium, zinc or copper. It exists in the two oxidation states Tl+ and Tl3+ . Thallium is toxic to all organisms in both monovalent and trivalent form. In biological processes it can substitute K+ due to their similar ionic radii. In the past it was extensively used for medicinal purposes and as a rodenticide. In the present there are over 150 uses and potential applications for thallium and its compounds. Thallium is generally present in very low concentrations (less than 1 mg.kg-1 ), however, in artificially polluted areas (in the vicinity of power plants, cement factories, smelting works, sulphide ore wastes from mining activity and others) it may exceed much higher levels. The amount of thallium of natural origin strongly depends on the lithology of the parent rock on which soil was derived. Detection of thallium in soils is usually performed by ICP-MS. The total intake of thallium should be less than 5µg per day, but no recommended maximum values are available in the present time in most countries. Different soil properties can influence the behavior of thallium. Through uptake by plants thallium is entering the food chain. Plant varieties and plant parts differ in the degree of uptake and accumulation of thallium, thus, in...
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Thalium in soils
Fisher, Meir ; Mihaljevič, Martin (advisor) ; Vaněk, Aleš (referee)
SUMMARY: Thallium is a nonessential element, more toxic than mercury, lead, cadmium, zinc or copper. It exists in the two oxidation states Tl+ and Tl3+ . Thallium is toxic to all organisms in both monovalent and trivalent form. In biological processes it can substitute K+ due to their similar ionic radii. In the past it was extensively used for medicinal purposes and as a rodenticide. In the present there are over 150 uses and potential applications for thallium and its compounds. Thallium is generally present in very low concentrations (less than 1 mg.kg-1 ), however, in artificially polluted areas (in the vicinity of power plants, cement factories, smelting works, sulphide ore wastes from mining activity and others) it may exceed much higher levels. The amount of thallium of natural origin strongly depends on the lithology of the parent rock on which soil was derived. Detection of thallium in soils is usually performed by ICP-MS. The total intake of thallium should be less than 5µg per day, but no recommended maximum values are available in the present time in most countries. Different soil properties can influence the behavior of thallium. Through uptake by plants thallium is entering the food chain. Plant varieties and plant parts differ in the degree of uptake and accumulation of thallium, thus, in...
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Evaluation of glutathione content in plants as a marker of heavy metals environmental contamination
Borková, Marie ; Stoupalová, Michaela (referee) ; Opatřilová,, Radka (advisor)
Dependence of glutathione concentration on the amount of thallium in the plant was studied. Observed plant was maize (Zea mays) which was divided to two parts – root and overground. Two culture procedures were elaborated where seeds and young seedlings were cultivated in a solution of thallium of concentration 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, a 10 µmol/l. Extraction agents used during extraction were phosphate buffer and solution of ascorbic acid. Determination of glutathione was realized by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Diode array detector (DAD) was used in both methods. Quantification of the thallium amount in the plant was done by method of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).
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The Mobility and bioavailability of thallium from natural and antropogenic origin.
MILLER, Zbyněk
The aims of this study were to precisely describe information about Tl behaviour in soils especially mobility and bioavailability and at given locality to provide analyses of fungi samples to prove found information. This research continues in early findings concerning Tl geochemical position at the locality of Kluky, Czech Republic where an anomaly in Tl concentration in soil is. From the results in can be concluded that Tl is at given locality distributed unevenly and the Tl concentration in almost all the fungi samples was below the detection limit of analytical method used (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS) with the only exception of Macrolepiota procera, Russula claroflava Grove, Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca, Lycoperdon perlatum. In these fungi samples the found bioconcentration factor, BCF (ratio of Tl concentration in fungi and soil) was relatively higher compared to other plant samples at the locality. Therefore the consumption of the fungi from studied locality can not be recommended.
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