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Science of Science in Poland and Czechoslovakia 1962-1989
Kůželová, Michaela ; Vykoukal, Jiří (advisor) ; Kunštát, Miroslav (referee) ; Franc, Martin (referee)
This dissertation deals with the Czechoslovak and Polish community of "scientists of science" (mainly historians, philosophers, and methodologists of science) from 1962 to 1989. It focuses not only on the inner evolution of this community (scientists, their works, scientific institutions etc.), but it also examines how was this community formed by the tradition of scientific thought on the one hand, and by the contemporary political and ideological context (Soviet influences, Marxism-Leninism, monopoly of the communist party) on the other. It focuses also on the ability of the scientific community to accept or reflect influences from the Western Europe or United States - which means from the so-called "capitalist countries". Two spheres are analysed to clarify dispositions of Polish and Czechoslovak "scientists of science" to foreign transfers: first, scientists' possibilities to travel to Western countries (research stays, participations at congresses etc.), and second, accessibility to foreign (mainly Western) scientific literature. Functioning of Western concepts in the community of Polish and Czechoslovak "scientists of science" is illustrated by an example of the reception of Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions from 1962. This dissertation shows that the role of scientific...
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Science of Science in Poland and Czechoslovakia 1962-1989
Kůželová, Michaela ; Vykoukal, Jiří (advisor) ; Kunštát, Miroslav (referee) ; Franc, Martin (referee)
This dissertation deals with the Czechoslovak and Polish community of "scientists of science" (mainly historians, philosophers, and methodologists of science) from 1962 to 1989. It focuses not only on the inner evolution of this community (scientists, their works, scientific institutions etc.), but it also examines how was this community formed by the tradition of scientific thought on the one hand, and by the contemporary political and ideological context (Soviet influences, Marxism-Leninism, monopoly of the communist party) on the other. It focuses also on the ability of the scientific community to accept or reflect influences from the Western Europe or United States - which means from the so-called "capitalist countries". Two spheres are analysed to clarify dispositions of Polish and Czechoslovak "scientists of science" to foreign transfers: first, scientists' possibilities to travel to Western countries (research stays, participations at congresses etc.), and second, accessibility to foreign (mainly Western) scientific literature. Functioning of Western concepts in the community of Polish and Czechoslovak "scientists of science" is illustrated by an example of the reception of Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions from 1962. This dissertation shows that the role of scientific...
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Changes in Thinking About Science: Parallels of M. Foucault's Concept of Episteme and T.S. Kuhn's Concept of Paradigm
Řeháček, Pavel ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Janas, Martin (referee)
This work is focused on introduction of two science theorists Michel Foucault and Thomas S. Kuhn and their concepts of science itself. The crucial concept of Michel Foucaults work is the episteme which can be understood as epistemological field which knowledge is enabled. Foucault puts this concept into the field of archaeology of knowledge which is a methodological tool for his research. Further in the work the term discourse is explained which is used as an information value of certain epoch. This work also structures Foucaults three historical times of episteme which are interdivided by discontinuities. In Thomas S. Kuhn perception the paradigm is the key concept. This concept is the pattern of scientific research of particular historical period and represents values and approaches to research. Paradigm works in normal science as a cycle in which the cumulation of problems - anomaly - is present. When the science reaches the point where explanation of anomalies is impossible the revolution of science takes place and the whole cycle starts again. The last part of this work compares these two crucial concepts.
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