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Structural Patterns of Cognitive Deficits in MR Imaging.
Buksakowska, Irena ; Hořínek, Daniel (advisor) ; Rulseh, Aaron (referee) ; Dušek, Petr (referee)
Structural and diffusion imaging patterns that can be evaluated using MRI in patients with cognitive deficits are the central theme of the proposed work. First, the clinical and neuroimaging background of dementias has been reviewed in a broader context, with a special focus on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and differential diagnoses. The second part of this thesis contains four consecutive experimental studies. The primary objective of the first two studies was to obtain structural and microstructural information on the neurodegenerative processes characteristic for AD on global and regional levels. For this purpose, several complementary approaches were used and the focus was shifted from grey to white matter (GM/WM). The following two studies focused on the differential context of WM microstructural alterations in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and distinctive patterns of WM disintegrity in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The most important conclusion of our studies is that structural and diffusion imaging proved to be useful in identifying regionally specific and disproportionate loss of brain volume and microstructure in several pathological processes underlying cognitive deterioration. The use of distinctive morphometric methods yielded complementary information on AD-related atrophy patterns,...
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The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and epilepsy: mutual relationships
Čuchalová, Marcela ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Semecký, Vladimír (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Science Author: Marcela Čuchalová Supervisor: doc. MUDr. Josef Herink, DrSc. Title of diploma thesis: The hypothalamic - pituitary - gonadal axis and epilepsy: mutual relationships The content of the diploma thesis is an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HHG). Further chapters are devoted to the influence of epilepsy on HHG function, the effect of HHG hormones on epileptic activity itself. The effect of anti-epileptics on HHG functions will also be elucidated. The second part of the diploma thesis deals with separate chapters - catamenial epilepsy and epilepsy during pregnancy. Keywords: antiepileptic drugs, gonadotropin, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, prolactin, sex hormones, temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Morphological changes of the hippocampus in tetanus toxin model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Demeterová, Ľubica ; Jiruška, Přemysl (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis represents the main underlying structural abnormity. Approximately 20% of TLE cases are non- lesional due to absence of any obvious epileptogenic lesion and tetanus toxin model is traditionally considered as a model of non-lesional temporal lobe epilepsy. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the cell damage and to determine its spatiotemporal profile. Tetanus toxin was stereotaxically injected into CA3 subregion of dorsal hippocampus in adult male Wistar rats. Brain tissue was extracted 4, 8 and 16 days following the surgery. Postfixed brains were sectioned to 50 µm slices and labeled using Nissl's and FluoroJade B staining (FJB). Hippocampal sclerosis was present only in animals from D16 group, however, it was localized mainly in contralateral CA1 area. Additional finding was decreased Nissl's staining in contralateral hippocampus which corresponded with the presence of FJB positive neurons. In animals from group D8, we have identified presence of FJB positive neurons predominantly in ipsilateral hippocampus. In D4 animals, cellular degeneration was absent. To examine the non- lesional nature of tetanus toxin model, we have performed blind study, when Nissl's staining were reviewed...
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Techniques of intracranial EEG processing in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Kudláček, Jan ; Jiruška, Přemysl
To understand the role of various limbic structures in pathophysiology of temporal role epilepsy requires understanding of its functional organization. We have developed technique of recording of spontaneous and evoked acitvity in chronic model of temporal lobe epilepsy. In addition, we created a computer programme which allows sequential processing of large data sets and analysis and quantification of spontaneous epileptic activity and evoked potentials. This programme implements various techniques of seizure, HFO and interictal discharge detection
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Comparison of diagnostic yield of different MRI protocols and PET in relation to time an finance demands in patients with temporal epilepsy
FILÍPKOVÁ, Brigita
This Thesis called Comparison of diagnostic yield of different MRI protocols and PET in relation to time and finance demands in patients with temporal epilepsy deals with time and economic aspects of diagnostics of pharmacoresistant temporal epilepsies. Temporal epilepsies are the most frequent focal epilepsies (up to 85 %) and pharmacologic control is only successful in about 25 % cases. On the other hand it is the best type of epilepsy to be solved surgically. Timely and precise diagnostics enables a timely surgical intervention. The time and economic demands increase the same way as the demands for technical staff. The Thesis was aimed at finding a protocol advantageous in terms of both, time and cost saving, maintaining the diagnostic yield in comparison of two neuroimaging methods - functional (PET) and morphological (MR), where we also compared two protocols for brain examination - a standard one and a special epileptological one. Methodology: A retrospective study of 44 patients with clinically confirmed focal epilepsy examined by MR and PET, who underwent a microsurgical intervention and have been without fits since then. We compared the individual protocols on MR - standard (sequence T2/PD tse tra, FLAIR tra, T2* tra and T1 se sag) and epileptological (extended by 3DT1 ge, T2 tse fs cor and FLAIR cor) in terms of possible diagnostics (examination read by an experienced radiologist) and evaluated their time and cost demands. We also evaluated a PET examination, which is performed by one protocol, the same way. The results demonstrate the difference in examination time and costs between the standard and the epileptological protocols on MR and between the MR and PET methods. There are also results of reading MR and PET images and their correlates presented there. We may conclude that the epileptological protocol on MR cannot be substituted by a standard protocol. Time may be saved by better organization of work or by suitable adjustment of parameters of the individual sequences maintaining sufficient MR image quality. We are also convinced that both the methods, MR and PET are important for safe diagnosis. Cost saving is impossible in pre-operation diagnostics.
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