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Anthropometric research of the adult population and its applications in interiors and architecture
Kovařík, Martin ; Petelen, Ivan (referee) ; Hronský, Michal (referee) ; Doc.Ing.Veronika Kotradyová,PhD. (referee) ; Šindlar, Jiljí (advisor)
This thesis focuses on research in the field of anthropometric measurements of the adult population, its history, basic concepts and research itself, conducted under the author’s leadership of the NIS project at the Mendel University in Brno. The research results and its application in the field of interiors and furniture should be used to revise the architectural patterns and standards dealing with the relations on the axis between man – interior – furniture. It describes the relations of individual parameters, a person's height and weight, their development depending on age and sex, compares the height curve growth in Czech population and in Europe. The results of the work should serve as a basis for revising the existing typological principles and standards with regard to new results; in conclusion the author proposes conceptual changes of the fixed schemes in relations of man and interior.
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The relationship between body dimensions and locomotion in human and other hominins
Fedrová, Johana ; Struška, Michal (advisor) ; Vážná, Anna (referee)
We work with estimates of body weights and dimensions of hominins derived from fossil finds. The reliability of the estimate is important for calculations related to thermoregulation and energetics of the individual. The termoregulation of individual is influenced by number of factors including breathing type, sweating ability, body hair, type of locomotion, size of limbs to size of body ratio. Hair loss allows for greater heat loss. The ability to sweat and thermoregulate in hominins is more important for running than for walking. Heat loss is influenced by the trunk breath and the distal limb element lenght. Body shape in the current human population conforms to Allen's rule. Populations living closer to the equator show smaller bi-iliac width and longer limbs relative to body size. This trend can be observed in hominins. The cost of locomotion, the cost needed to travel a given distance in a given time, is affected by the lower limb lenght. Longer lower limbs reduce this cost, they allow to cover the distance using fewer steps. Each step is more costly because more muscle power is needed to move the longer limb. The step lenght and the optimal movement speed of the individual is proportional to the individual's stature. Man excels in the ability of bipedal locomotion, which Australopithecus...
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Nutrition and Other Characteristics of Infants
NOVOTNÁ, Radka
The main goal of this bachelor thesis was a processing of research based on interesting literary and electronic sources which primarily deal with children's nutrition. Closely related topics include, for instance, disease rates or vaccination of children. Another aim of this thesis was to collect data through questionnaires followed by their comparison. This bachelor thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and empirical. The first part presents information acquired and processed from domestic and foreign literature. This thesis concerns the importance of breastfeeding, supplementary feeding or non-dairy formula feeding. It also focuses on the types of breast milk or breastfeeding with its positive and negative effects on an infant. In addition to the beforementioned topics, this thesis gives a detailed description of mandatory and most common optional vaccines, including a brief mention of disease rates of children. The empirical part of the thesis focuses on the evaluation of data collected by the questionnaire method. The beforehand formulated questionnaire is part of a larger project linked to the works of the following students: Markéta Mužíková, Tereza Šafránková and Kateřina Součková. The questionnaire for legal representatives of children was composed in an online form. Respondents' parents filled in the data predominantly from the Health and Vaccination Cards. Data from 110 respondents have been collected in total. Fifty-six respondents were girls and fifty-five boys. Afterwards, our selected data were compared with the CAV 2001 Nationwide Anthropological Survey. In the vaccination category, it was found that each individual had received all the mandatory vaccines given by law. Prevenar 13, among the non-mandatory vaccines, was the most frequently used vaccine in 39 cases out of 110 respondents. In the category of childhood morbidity rate, the following childhood diseases were examined - catarrh of the upper respiratory, allergy, eczema and acute otitis media. It was found that most of the non-breastfed children of our cohort were overall less ill than the breastfed children. This result is consistent with the research of the student Tereza Šafránková but is not in accordance with some professional publications, for example (Muntau, 2014) or (Nevoral et al., 2013). In the last part of the research, which concerned the body measurements of children up to one year of age, the results show that non-breastfed individuals are more likely to exceed breastfed children in average development. The basic body measurements of children from birth to 1 year were compared with the results of the CAV 2001 Nationwide Anthropological Survey (CAV, 2001). Statistically significant values were found for body weight of breastfed one-year-old boys (p=0.000), body length of six-month-old (p= 0.007) and one-year-old breastfed boys (p=0.001), chest girth at birth for girls (p= 0.001) and boys (p= 0.004), head girth at birth (p= 0.000) and at six months for breastfed boys (p= 0.003), and BMI at birth for non-breastfed girls (p= 0.002).
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Influence of the family on the exterior and attainment of physical maturity in the Shagya-arab breed
CERMANOVÁ, Eliška
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to analyse data on the exterior and body dimensions of Shagya-Arab mares at registration in the studbook and subsequently to measure the actual body dimensions of a part of the mare population. The mares were separated by family and the effect of family on exterior, body size and maturity termination was evaluated. For the first part, 332 Czech-bred mares from 10 different families were used and 33 broodmares belonging to 4 families were included in the second part. The enrolment data were: age, final mark, withers stick height, withers strip height, shank circumfe-rence and chest circumference. Actual body measurements were wither stick height, wither tape height, shin circumference, and chest circumference. The results show that the population under study on average meets the breeding objective in all parameters evaluated. The best average score of 7.73 points was found for family 6-CZ. In this family, the highest average stick height (156 cm), the highest average tap height (164.5 cm), the highest average chest circumference (187.82 cm) and the highest average shin circumference (18.90 cm) were still measured. This fa-mily also has the most mares registered in the main studbook (51). According to the results it can be taught that the most powerful (largest) and the most typical mares are from the 6-CZ family. In the studied population of 4 families, a statistically highly significant effect of family was shown only for the age at which growth in height was stopped in mares (measured with a cane in the co-hutch). The result shows that other body dimensions were not statistically significantly influenced by family. From the results it can be concluded that the owner should adapt the age at which he starts working with the horses to the earliness of the individual family. The breeder should then pay attention to the exterior of the parental pair when selecting suitable individuals so that future generations of Shagya-arab horses still meet the breeding objective.
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Analýza stavby končetin a kopyt koní využívaných v agroturistice v České republice
Bojková, Lenka
Aim of this diploma thesis was to analyze the conditions of limbs and hooves of the horses in agrotourist businesses in the Czech Republic. In the first part of the analysis, the conditions of breeding (stabling type, work intensity, ground and surface of the riding halls, care of hooves) and study of these horses (number of horses, age, breed, numbers of geldings and mares) were evaluated. These values were then recorded into the prepared form. In the other part of the analysis, the ground measuring followed. Four basic parameters were measured and evaluated: posture of the forelimbs and its discrepancies, posture of the hindlimbs and its discrepancies, angle and defects of fore hooves, angle and defects of the hind hooves). From these four basic parametres, 32 various differentiations were assessed, whilst not all of them were present at the measured population of the horses. Those values were statistically processed and compared in the Unistat program. During the evaluation of particular bodily proportions, an effect of six factors was assessed: effect of breed, sex, age, way of trimming hooves, intensity of trimming hooves, and effect of stabling type. The highest rate of statistically conclusive effects was detected at the age effect, which was statistically conclusive to affect six differentiations and significantly statistically affected one differentiation. Also effect of the breed highly affected the measured parameters. Statistically conclusive effect was detected at two measured differentiations. Statistically significantly conclusive effect was detected at four more differentiations. The effect of sex, way and intensity of trimming hooves and stabling type was not that considerable, but still yielded some measured values.
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RŮSTOVÉ PARAMETRY DOMÁCÍCH PLEMEN CHLADNOKREVNÝCH KONÍ
POLÍČEK, Blahoslav
The aim of this work was to assess and evaluate, using own findings, the growth standard for all 3 breeds of cold-blooded horses. The height at the withers (KVH) and shin circumference (Ohol) were evaluated. All the information was obtained from the ASCHK CR database, Central Horse Register and own measurements. The Brody method was used to calculate the growth curve. Individual growth curves of the stallions of Czech-Moravian Belgian horse (ČMB), Norik (N) and Silesian norik (SN) breeds, which were bred in the years 2001 to 2016 in rearing stables, were processed. In total, the growth parameters of 157 stallions were processed (56 stallions ČMB, 47 stallions N and 54 stallions SN. It was found, that the growth standards used so far, do not fully correspond to the current growth of cold-blooded horses. The current growth is more intense in the parameter of the height at the withers (KVH) and is on average 2.2 cm higher for ČMB, 0.9 cm for N and 0.5 cm for SN. More intensive growth was also found in the circumference of the shin (Ohol), namely by 0.3 cm for ČMB, 1.0 cm for N and 0.6 cm for SN, compared to the current standard of the breeds. There was a statistically significant difference in these body dimensions between breeds of stallions at the age of 30 months. The new growth standards were developed, separately for all 3 monitored breeds, which is the main part of this thesis.
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Potravní chování skorce vodního (Cinclus cinclus) na tocích okresu Tachov
LIŠKA, Martin
In the first part of the thesis, characteristics (physical, environmntal, quantity and quality of prey) of favourable food patches and reference plots inside the Dipper´s territories were examined. In the second part, correlations of prey (quantity and quality) characteristics and physical-environmental characteristics were examined. In the third part, correlations between single types of observed Dipper behaviour were examined. In the fourth part, correlations between characteristics (physical, environmntal, quantity and quality of prey) of food patches and observed time of the Dipper´s foraging behaviour were examined. In the fifth part of the thesis, correlations between the territory characteristics (physical, environmntal, quantity and quality of prey) and body measurements of single birds were examined.
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Analýza výsledků testace chladnokrevných hřebců
Sotolářová, Lenka
This diploma work deals with evaluation of quality of cold-blooded stallions during performance tests based on obtained data from 2006 to 2018. We were checking the influence of year of tests on monitored sings and differences between individual breeds due to physical signs (HaW, WTH, ChC, SC) and due to performance in the final test (tensile test, distance ride, maneuverability in pairs, motion mechanics etc.). We ana-lysed obtained data within analysis ANOVA where we statistically found out the influ-ence of breed on tap height, the difference between breeds of Czech-Moravian Belgian horse and Silesian Norik were 1,6 cm. Statistically proved difference can also be found by height at withers where the difference between stallions of CMB and SN is 1,5 cm. The CMB stallions had the average value of HaW 161,36 cm whereas N stallions had 161,34 cm and SN 159,95 cm. Another statistically approved difference is in the shin circumference where the average values of SC are by the CMB 24,34 cm, N stallions 24,95 cm and SN 24,39 cm. Statistically highly approved difference between breeds has been proved also by the boneiness. CMB has the average boneiness value 15,02, N stal-lions 15,47 and SN 15,47. Statistic performance evaluation during individual final disciplines by PT did not prove the breed influence on neither of monitored signs except from training which came out as statistically proved but Scheffe test did not prove the difference. From this we can claim that individual cold-blooded breeds are balanced and there is no statisti-cally proved difference in the performance and also in the possibilities of their use.
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Vyhodnotenie exteriérových vlastností huculských koní vo vybraných chovoch v Európe =: Evaluation of exterior of selected herds of Hucul horses bred in Europe /
Oravcová, Ivana
The aim of the dissertation thesis was compared exterior of Hucul horses in terms of age, sex, sire line, place and country of measurement and tried to find out relative relations between these factors. The measurements were taken in 4 coutries in 12 places. At the beginning we targeted the breeding conditions and we analyzed stud material. Then we measured 14 body dimensions in every breeding. From these data the 7 hippometric indices were calculated and processed statistically using the statistical programme Unistat version 6.5. Most of the highly significant differences were differences between places and country of measurement. Hucul horses from Czech republic and Slovakia are higher, stronger and more compact but with weaker skeleton. Hucul horses from Hungary are also higher but shorter, less strong and less compact but with the strongest skeleton. Polish Hucul horses are the smallest but also longest with the most rebuilt body. However, they are rather bony. On the basis of the results of the analysis on the effect of sex we found out that mares are longer and stronger, with longer and wider pelvis and finer skeleton. Individuals from Oušor and Prislop lines are significantly higher, from Polan and Goral line smaller. Individuals from Goral line have shorter head, from Prislop line longer head. Individuals from Prislop line are, due to the highest high in wither, at least bony. The most bony is the Gurgul and Oušor line. Evaluation of the effect of age showed that the growing age does not affect the dimensions of the length and width of the pelvis, the length of the head, or the high in wither. With the rising age, the height in the saddle and croup decreases which leads to reduction of index of rebuildness. The dimensions of heart girth and depth of chest with the age from 7 to 18 years are gradually increasing.
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Zpracování aktuálních rozměrových standardů sedacího nábytku
Kotlová, Kateřina
Dissertation deals with the interrelationship between anthropometry (proportions of the human body) and dimensional standards of seating furniture. Dissertation maps history and presence of anthropometric measurement, it processes the results of anthropometric measurement of the adult population acquired within the grant FR-TI1/050 – NIS and compares these results with the dimensional standards and valid standards for seating furniture. Thanks to new anthropometric results, simulations of the current dimensional requirements for seating furniture were developed in software Tecnomatix Jack. The aim is to update the dimensional standards of seating furniture and to point out the outdatedness of current standards.
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