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Molekulové simulace nukleace ledu
Pluhařová, Eva ; Jungwirth, Pavel (advisor) ; Kolafa, Jiří (referee)
Title: Molecular simulations of ice nucleation Author: Eva Pluhařová Department: Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Science UK Advisor: doc. Mgr. Pavel Jungwirth, DSc., IOCB AS CR, v.v.i. Advisor's e-mail address: pavel.jungwirth@uochb.cas.cz Abstract: By means of molecular dynamics simulations we have systematically investigated homogeneous ice nucleation in neat and surface contaminated water. As models of the adsorbates we have assumed pentanol and pentanoic acid. In neat water nucleation preferentially starts in the subsurface region, which accommodates better than the bulk the volume increase associated with freezing. Homogeneous ice nucleation is affected more by alcohol than by acid. Water slabs covered by a disordered layer of pentanol exhibit negligible preference for subsurface nucleation and longer nucleation times in comparison with neat water, while nucleation times are almost unaffected by the presence of pentanoic acid and the subsurface preference is only slightly decreased. We tried to rationalize the differences between the effects of different compounds by their ability to orient water molecules and to change their mobility. The fact that adsorbates differ in the influence on homogeneous ice nucleation has important implications for the microphysics of...
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Conformational behavior of dendritic branched polymers in aqueous solutions (Dissipative particle dynamics)
Suchá, Lucie ; Limpouchová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Posel, Zbyšek (referee)
Bakalářská práce se věnuje studiu konformačního chování polymerních den- drimer· ve vodných roztocích. Polymerní roztoky byly simulovány pomocí di- sipativní částicové dynamiky. Všechny simulace byly provedeny pomocí pro- gramu DL−MESO. Pro generování vstupních soubor· a zpracování výsledk· simulací byly napsány vlastní programy. Správná funkce programu a správné nastavení simulačních parametr· bylo ověřeno pomocí parametrické studie nekonečně zředěných roztok· homopolymerních dendrimer· v dobrém roz- pouštědle. 'kálovací exponent gyračního poloměru získaný pomocí simulací je v souladu s publikovanými daty. Dále bylo porovnáváno konformační chování homopolymerního a kopolymerního dendrimeru. Klíčová slova: Počítačové simulace, disipativní částicová dynamika, dendri- mer, konformační chování, vodné roztoky, větvený polymer
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Design of boron cluster-containing nanostructuresin solution
Fernandez Alvarez, Roberto ; Matějíček, Pavel (advisor) ; Machalová Šišková, Karolína (referee) ; Cígler, Petr (referee)
Thesis The main objective of this thesis is the study of boron cluster compounds in solution, their interaction with polymers and the formation of nanostructures. Most of the work was focused around cobalt bis(dicarbollide) (COSAN) but the incorporation of carborane into polymers was also studied. The idea was to close the knowledge gap around the way COSAN aggregates and continue the line of the laboratory in leading this topic. Therefore, we performed in-depth analysis of isothermal titration calorimetry curves to determine the aggregation number at concentrations around the critical micellar concentration (CMC). Thus, the aggregation number obtained was an improvement over previous data obtained a much higher concentration. The use of acetonitrile as a cosolvent in the micellization process helped formulate a model describing how C-H bonds in the COSAN micelles are directed towards the inside of the micelle. Furthermore, COSAN was used as a model drug for loading nanocarriers composed of hydrophobic core and charged corona. The importance of this work relies on the creation of guidelines for drug loading into similar polymeric vectors in order to determine how the nanocarrier will be affected. With the help of coarse-grained simulations, we determined that changes in the hydrophobicity of the...
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Self-assembly of polymers with amphiphilic compounds (surfactants) in aqueous solutions
Delisavva, Foteini ; Procházka, Karel (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Petr (referee) ; Pánek, Jiří (referee)
Title: Self-assembly of polymers with amphiphilic compounds (surfactants) in aqueous solutions Abstract: This PhD Thesis is devoted to the co-assembly in systems containing electrically charged polymers (polyelectrolytes and block copolymers containing polyelectrolyte sequences). I studied the interactions between block copolymers and oppositely charged surfactants in aqueous solutions, and the structure and properties of co-assembled nanoparticles by a combination of several experimental methods. I found that the spontaneous formation, solubility and stability of complex nanoparticles depend not only on the electrostatic attractive forces but also on the hydrophobic effects. In a major part of my Thesis, I studied the interaction of polyelectrolytes with oppositely charged gemini surfactants (containing two charged head-groups interconnected by a short linker and two hydrophobic tails) which is a relatively new topic - much less studied than the co-assembly with conventional single tail surfactants. Better understanding of the formation and properties of complexes containing gemini surfactants and polymers provides knowledge that should lead to novel tailor-made nanoparticles with desired properties for applications in medicine and new technologies (including nano-technologies). We have shown that the...
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Conformational behavior of dendritic branched polymers in aqueous solutions (Dissipative particle dynamics)
Suchá, Lucie ; Limpouchová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Posel, Zbyšek (referee)
Bakalářská práce se věnuje studiu konformačního chování polymerních den- drimer· ve vodných roztocích. Polymerní roztoky byly simulovány pomocí di- sipativní částicové dynamiky. Všechny simulace byly provedeny pomocí pro- gramu DL−MESO. Pro generování vstupních soubor· a zpracování výsledk· simulací byly napsány vlastní programy. Správná funkce programu a správné nastavení simulačních parametr· bylo ověřeno pomocí parametrické studie nekonečně zředěných roztok· homopolymerních dendrimer· v dobrém roz- pouštědle. 'kálovací exponent gyračního poloměru získaný pomocí simulací je v souladu s publikovanými daty. Dále bylo porovnáváno konformační chování homopolymerního a kopolymerního dendrimeru. Klíčová slova: Počítačové simulace, disipativní částicová dynamika, dendri- mer, konformační chování, vodné roztoky, větvený polymer
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Molekulové simulace nukleace ledu
Pluhařová, Eva ; Kolafa, Jiří (referee) ; Jungwirth, Pavel (advisor)
Title: Molecular simulations of ice nucleation Author: Eva Pluhařová Department: Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Science UK Advisor: doc. Mgr. Pavel Jungwirth, DSc., IOCB AS CR, v.v.i. Advisor's e-mail address: pavel.jungwirth@uochb.cas.cz Abstract: By means of molecular dynamics simulations we have systematically investigated homogeneous ice nucleation in neat and surface contaminated water. As models of the adsorbates we have assumed pentanol and pentanoic acid. In neat water nucleation preferentially starts in the subsurface region, which accommodates better than the bulk the volume increase associated with freezing. Homogeneous ice nucleation is affected more by alcohol than by acid. Water slabs covered by a disordered layer of pentanol exhibit negligible preference for subsurface nucleation and longer nucleation times in comparison with neat water, while nucleation times are almost unaffected by the presence of pentanoic acid and the subsurface preference is only slightly decreased. We tried to rationalize the differences between the effects of different compounds by their ability to orient water molecules and to change their mobility. The fact that adsorbates differ in the influence on homogeneous ice nucleation has important implications for the microphysics of...
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