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Analysis of parameters presumably associated with drought-resistance in various sorghum genotypes
Panchártek, Daniel ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Hniličková, Helena (referee)
The aims of this work were 1) to assess whether sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes originating from the India can be grown and analyzed in the climatic conditions of central Europe and 2) to find out the utilization potential of selected non- destructive and destructive methods based mostly on the chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements and the determination of photosynthetic pigments' content for the differentiation of sorghum genotypes based on their presumed drought tolerance. Field experiments made during 2 years compared 15 genotypes of this species (2 stay-green parental lines, 2 senescent parental lines and 11 introgression lines with stay-green loci), 2 of these genotypes were further analyzed in greenhouse conditions where the water deficit was induced by a cessation of watering for 12 days. The field-grown plants showed some differences between individual genotypes in all measured parameters; however, for the majority of the genotypes these differences were not statistically significant. The stay-green parental genotype B35 differred the most from the other ones in both field seasons, but the other stay-green genotypes usually did not differ from the senescent genotypes. No significant differences between both greenhouse-tested genotypes (presumably contrasting in their...
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Analysis of parameters presumably associated with drought-resistance in various sorghum genotypes
Panchártek, Daniel ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Hniličková, Helena (referee)
The aims of this work were 1) to assess whether sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes originating from the India can be grown and analyzed in the climatic conditions of central Europe and 2) to find out the utilization potential of selected non- destructive and destructive methods based mostly on the chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements and the determination of photosynthetic pigments' content for the differentiation of sorghum genotypes based on their presumed drought tolerance. Field experiments made during 2 years compared 15 genotypes of this species (2 stay-green parental lines, 2 senescent parental lines and 11 introgression lines with stay-green loci), 2 of these genotypes were further analyzed in greenhouse conditions where the water deficit was induced by a cessation of watering for 12 days. The field-grown plants showed some differences between individual genotypes in all measured parameters; however, for the majority of the genotypes these differences were not statistically significant. The stay-green parental genotype B35 differred the most from the other ones in both field seasons, but the other stay-green genotypes usually did not differ from the senescent genotypes. No significant differences between both greenhouse-tested genotypes (presumably contrasting in their...
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Abiotické stresy v podmínkách in vitro u podnoží révy vinné
Dvořáková, Vladimíra
The bachelor thesis deals with the effects of abiotic stress on grapevine rootstocks - the impact of water deficit and increased content of lime in the soil . The first part described the history of rootstocks and their tolerance to different stress factors . The following section describes selected abiotic stresses and their effects on plants and a chapter on the cultivation of plants in vitro. Experimental part consists of experiments in vitro with less tolerants rootstock to drought ' Kober 125 AA' and ' less tolerant rootstock to the higher content of lime'Börner '. Sufficient plant in vitro cultures were obtained only with rootstock Kober 125 AA, which was used for the experiment simulating stress. In the course of the experiment were measured plant responses to stress - concentration of ethylene, ethane , CO2, in the culture vessel during the observation of plants, at the end of the experiment was determined by fluorescence of chlorophyll , plants axis length , weight and plant chlorophyll and carotenoids.
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Influence of water regime on growth and quality of selected grass species
MACHURA, Antonín
The main factors affecting the yield and the quality of grassland are nutrient availability and water regime. In nature and of course in agriculture, water is the most important factor influencing plant growth and reproduction. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of water regime on germination of selected grass species. We have focused on the following grass species, suitable for use in energy: Dactylis glomerata L. Padánia cultivar, Phalaroides arundinacea L., Chrastava cultivar and Agropyron elongatum L. Under water stress condition, the highest germination rate of 69 % was observed in Agropyron elongatum L., followed by Dactylis glomerata L. (54, 6 %). The lowest germination rate of 28, 6 % was recorded in Phalaroides arundinacea L. This study also compares dry matter yields of selected species during spring harvest. Average yield was 3,3 t.ha-1 in the first year. This work is based on authors own measurement and on the information obtained from Czech hydrometeorological institute.
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Influence of water regime on growth and quality of selected grass species
BÁRTA, Ondřej
This thesis describes the importance and use of permanent grasslands, or more so-called energy grasses used in the energy sector. For our study we examined these three grasses: Ovsík vyvýšený (Arrhenatherum elatius), Sveřep horský (Bromus carharticus) and Bojínek luční (Phleum pratense). Another, the main task was to determine their resistance to drought. The results based on laboratory work, which between them compared the two variants. One was simulated normal emergence of the species and the second emergence stressed by lack of water. Based on these results, we conclude that we can not say that it would be a downright drought-resistant types. For the two studied species of grasses (Bojínek and Ovsík) are obvious differences in resistance to drought. Sveřep horský (variety - Tacit), however, proved to be the most drought-resistant species. While most sprouted out bojínek luční (variety - Sobol).
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The influence of water stress on germination and growth of grasses and legumes
HRDA, Lukáš
The negative impact of climate change on agricultural production is consistently increasing all over the world. As a result of these changes, the yields of some crops have been decreasing. The main problems include frequent weather changes, especially long periods of drought accompanied by high temperatures. The aim of this diploma thesis was to assess the effect of water deficit on offshoot germination and longevity of selected species of grasses and clovers. The evaluation of resistance to water deficit was carried out using both laboratory and pot experiments. The results of these experiments were used to evaluate the drought resistance of the tested species of grasses and legumes. Based on the proven drought resistance, appropriate species and varieties have been recommended for cultivation in conditions of water deficit. The issue of drought resistance is to be paid more and more attention in the future. According to most forecasts, increasingly long periods of drought are likely to occur. For this reason, there will be the need for crops and varieties that best resist to various abiotic stresses.
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Influence of water regime on growth and quality of selected grass species
STEJSKAL, Jan
This thesis deals with permanent grassland, their meaning and use. The thesis is focused on the influence of water regime on selected grass species Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratense) and Creeping thin (Agrostits tenuis), its resistance to drought, water stress and the impact of growth and production in the absence of water. The work was carried out under laboratory conditions and areas where attempts have been made regarding the germination of grasses in the absence of water. A sub-task was to evaluate dry matter yield for grass species.
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The influence of water stress on selected grass species and sward botanical composition
PAVELOVÁ, Lenka
The main goal of this thesis is to ascertain the influence of a water stress on regenerative and growth properties of grasses which were exposed to a water deficit and the influence on area composition of certain permanent grass vegetation. Assessment levels were based on container experiments. Each container contained selected class and subclass of a grass with different water regime demands. The aim of these experiments was to determine regenerative and growth abilities of chosen grasses which were exposed to water deficit and their ability to regenerate after drought during the grass branching phase. Another part of these experiments was to assess water regime impact on distribution of grasses in chosen areas. In the Czech Republic, grass vegetation is one of the basic food components for farm animals, mainly cattle, and it is an important landscaping element. It is also a component of forage industry which is a significant part of an agriculture output and the main goal in practice is to provide sufficient production of high quality,biologically valuable and healthy fodder.
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The influence of water deficiency on selected fodder crops
HRDA, Lukáš
The aim of this thesis was to assess the effect of the water deficit on selected species of perennial fodder crops ? grass and clover, as well as annual fodder crops, by comparing different species in conditions of changing climate and increasing extreme weather events, especially drought. Assesssment was based on comparing different literature and Internet data. Among the clover the following were evaluated as prospective for growing in dry weather - Onobrychis viciifolia, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina and Melilotus albus. Among the grass Festuca arundinacea and Bromus inermis proved to resist drought the best. Among the annual fodder crops Sorghum vulgare best resisted drought. In dry weather using grass and clover mixtures, which reach more balanced yields than some monocultures, proved to be more suitable. More attention should be paid to the issue of drought resistance because in the future such crops and species will be required that prove higher abiotic stress resistance, especially drought resistance.
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Comparison of drought and frost resistence of selected varieties of \kur{Medicago sativa} L. from domestic and foreign breeding
HLAVÁČKOVÁ, Petra
The aim was comparison of drought and frost resistence of selected varieties of Medicago sativa L. from domestic and foreign. The evaluation was performed by a series of laboratory experiments and observations in two replications in 2009 ? 2010. The results were evaluated as the most resistant varieties to frost variety from the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Namely variety Magda Litava, Tisa and Synthesis. As the least resistant varieties have been evaluated varieties from the warm coastal areas. Most resistant varieties to water deficit during vegetation varieties were evaluated Magda, Comete, Europe and Camilla. The climatic conditions of the Czech Republic would be most appropriate, according to the results observed varieties of Magda. It has high resistance to frost and has good results in drought. Other good varieties from Czech Republic are Pálava and Camilla. Of the foreign varieties would be best to use a French variety of Como, Europe and the Dutch variety of Capri. These varieties have good resistance to frost and high drought. The whole problem of drought and frost resistance of alfalfa is not yet explored, it would be appropriate, the results obtained confirmed by further research.
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