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Výskyt poľnohospodárskeho sucha a jeho vplyv na vybrané poľné plodiny
Leskovská, Natália
Agricultural drought in recent years severely caused losses on the yields of cultural crops. In this thesis was assessed the dependence between drought indicators and yields of two important crops in the Czech Republic (winter wheat and spring barley). As drought indicators were selected precipitations and actual evapotranspiration, observed in 2000 – 2017 from March to June, which are the most important for the production of biomass crops. Episodes of drought were studied across the gradient profile of the South Moravian Region, Olomouc Region and Vysočina Region. From the monitored period from 2000 – 2017, the years with the lowest yields were selected in the resulting regression analysis of the correlation relationship. The highest dependence of the precipitation and yield of winter wheat was from April to May in 2007, when the coefficient of determinant reached 0.82, which means that yield variability was affected from 82% by the indicator of precipitations.
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Environmentální rizika v důsledku dlouhodobého sucha
Křížová, Markéta
The thesis talks about the environmental risks as the outcome of long-term drought. In the first parts of the thesis drought is examined as a phenomena, it talks about the importance of thorough knowledge of this phenomena paying attention also to the reasons for its occurrence and describing the different types of drought. The thesis further tries to describe the impact of drought on the environment and the landscape, and monitor changes that happen there. The work also deals with strategic documents as regulation tools which should help mitigate the negative impact drought has on the environment or prevent them completely. These documents are analysed and their usefulness and the degree to which they help solve the problems given is considered. In the practical part the water balance of the selected area with special degree of protection is evaluated with the prospect until 2100. Based on maps created in the program ArcGIS it was assessed whether the area has become drier and how dry it will be in the next decades. This part of the work further evaluates the flow rates in the chosen watercourse in the examined area, provided by the Czech hydrometeorological institute. It was found that the area has negative water balance which means it is becoming drier. Changes in the flow of water (especially less flow) in the river Punkva are not statistically significant. Based on this data it cannot be said that the flow of water is decreasing. It is possible that if the data were collected for longer time (perhaps 30 to 40 years) the changes in the flow of water could be proved. There is open space for further research. The above mentioned findings can be used as basis for further expert works dealing with this problematics.
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Dopady změny klimatu na četnost a intenzitu sucha na území ČR
Krejčí, Michal
The main goal of this thesis is the analysis of trends of relative atmospheric humidity, absolute atmospheric humidity and water vapor pressure from years 1981-2015. Only days without precipitation were included in the input data set. The data used in the analysis comes from eight meteorological stations located in the Czech republic: Doksany, Churáňov, Kocelovice, Kostelní Myslová, Kuchařovice, Liberec, Lysá hora and Přibyslav. The statistical significance of the trends was evaluated with the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results show no clear evolution of the trends of the relative humidity. On the other hand, the trends of absolute humidity and water vapor pressure show significant rising trends in July (at six stations) and November (at seven stations). The July trends are probably caused by higher temperature during summer and the cause of the November trends might be caused by higher precipitation in autumn.
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Vitalita semen obilnin a její souvislost s výnosem zrna v podmínkách sucha
Bucková, Pavlína
The seed vigour as the ability to germinate under unfavorable conditions is one of the basic prerequisites for achieving a high yield of the crop. The goal of breeding is to select genotypes with the highest vitality to guarantee good offspring even in unfavo-rable conditions. In 2017, six genotypes of Triticum aestivum L. and selected plants of their offspring were evaluated. Seed vigour was evaluated for reduced water availability and cold. Drought was simulated by a reduced water -0.5 MPa in aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) solution and the temperature was maintained at 10 °C. It was found out how the genotype affects seed vigour and yield. According to the results of the ANOVA genotype has no statistically significant effect on seed vigour or on yield. However, according to the correlation results, the higher seed vigour after 14 days of germination under unfavorable conditions could be associated with higher grain yields. Genetic variability is 20 % of the phenotypic variability of the seed vigour sign.
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Klimaticko-pedologická rajonizace rajčete jedlého (Lycopersicon lycopersicum L.)
Šmejkalová, Julie
ABSTRAKT The literature overview of the thesis is divided into two sections. Both parts complement each other in the following chapters that describe the methodology applied and present the study results. The main aim of the thesis was to assess the climate change impacts on the distribution of the suitable tomato growing regions in the Czech Republic. In the first part the contemporary localization of the tomato production is discussed with respect to the climatic and soil conditions. The second part of the literature overview covers the theory of the climate change and its interconnections with the greenhouse effect increase. The methodology itself was based on assumption that the tomato growing areas are characterized by the certain minimum temperature sum required for the profitable production. It is obvious that the increase of the temperature predicted by the Global circulation models will lead the to increase of these temperature sums over the whole area of the Czech Republic. However it is clear that not only meteorological elements but also suitable soil conditions are limiting factors for successful tomato growing. Therefore the presence of the predefined soil types was the second factor determining the suitability of the given region for the tomato growth. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis that the global warming will lead to enlargement of the areas with suitable growing conditions for tomato and almost certainly for other kinds of vegetables. The changes are documented by the map material in order to identify the shifts in the distribution and extend of these areas on the district (NUTS 3) level. The last part of the diploma thesis discuses drought as the most important hydrometeorological extreme for plant growing in present and expected climatic conditions.
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Výskyty zemědělského sucha na území jižní Moravy
Kupská, Veronika
The drought and its impacts are currently a very serious environmental problem worldwide. My bachelor thesis focuses on the characteristics of the various types of drought and the characteristics of the Czech climate, on the current methods of assessing the occurrence of droughts used in the territory of the Czech Republic and on the evaluation of the dynamics of the southern Moravia climate in the period 1961 to 2015 and all in terms of agriculture.
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Pařezová výmladnost jako základ obnovy a produkce nízkého lesa =: Stump sprouting as a basis for the regeneration and production of coppice /
Uherková, Barbora
In 2008, a young coppice was established and studied in the south-eastern part of the Czech Republic. The main studied species Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl agg. and Carpinus betulus L. are typical species of Central European coppices. The aim of the dissertation thesis was to study the topic of re-sprouting, the process when the new regeneration of sprouts is created. Re-sprouting occurred after thinning carried out at the turn of the years 2014/2015. The number of live and dead new sprouts was recorded, and their heights were measured. Subsequently, the effects of the stump basal area before and after thinning, the thinning intensity, leaf area index and light conditions (gap fraction, openness, direct, indirect and total site factor) were studied on the newly established generation of sprouts. Another aim of the dissertation thesis was to find out the effect of thinning on the growth of the coppice in the current changing climate conditions. For three growing seasons (2015 –2017) after the thinning, the growth (diameter and height increments) and soil water content were observed. To study the effect of climatic conditions, a throughfall reduction was simulated by using drainage channels. Similar system of drainage channels was used in Spain, France and other countries. To address the topic of soil degradation, the impact of throughfall reduction and thinning on soil CO2 efflux was investigated. Comparison between subplots with and without thinning, subplots with and without throughfall reduction and coppice with false high forest (control area to the research area of coppice forest) were carried out. As far as the re-sprouting is concerned, the stump basal area before thinning and the thinning intensity statistically significantly influenced the number and height of the new sprouts. Among all factors of light condition, only the indirect site factor was statistically significant. Therefore, the thinning affected soil moisture and the amount of light in the coppice. In the first year after the thinning, the diameter increments of sessile oak and European hornbeam were positively influenced by thinning. In the following two growing seasons, thinning did not significantly influence the diameter increment. However, the height increment of both trees during the whole study period has not been positively affected by thinning. On the other hand, thinning significantly affected the soil moisture. During the three-year study period, soil moisture was higher on thinned plots. This finding is in coincidence with research experiments carried out in southern Europe. The second studied factor, which was the throughfall reduction, did not influence neither the diameter increment, nor the height increment and nor the soil moisture in both species for the entire period. Thinning did not affect soil CO2 efflux rates, whereas the throughfall reduction did. Coppice reached almost the same soil CO2 efflux rates as the false high forest. In conclusion, thinning in coppice leads to an increase of available soil water. The water availability will be very actual issue at lower altitudes – here the tree species are sensitive to high air temperatures and drought stress. It should be noted that the younger developmental stages of the forest stands show increased sensitivity to water deficit due to drought. Thanks to sprouting ability, coppicing can therefore be appropriate management in some deciduous stands at lower altitudes under changing climate conditions.
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Možnosti samospráv obcí při řešení problematiky sucha
Tutková, Lenka
TUTKOVÁ, L. Options of municipality in dealing with drought. Bachelor thesis. Mendel University in Brno. Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, 2019 The bachelor thesis deals with drought in a broader context. The literature review introduces the issue of drought, drought types and other related aspects. The next part is concerning on the management of the landscape and the ways of farming, which lead to an increase in drought intensity. The next part deals with defining the position of the municipality in public administration and water management. In the practical part there is an overview of current subsidy programs, which municipalities can use in connection with drought. Subsidy programs are divided into European resources, national resources and regional resources. In the selected municipality - Dolní Věstonice, an analysis of the territory is made, and possible measures and recommendations are drawn up based on the results. drought, subsidies, landscape management, municipality.
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Problematika pitné a užitkové vody v obci Štěpánovice
Fic, Pavel
The thesis, divided into two main parts, deals with the issue of drinking and service water in the municipality of Štěpánovice. The first part focuses on the issue, including the explanation of related terms, while the second part describes the current state of water management of the area, which is based on obtained data and information from the municipality and its households. Recommendations for the water management in the village of Štěpánovice are included in the summary of the thesis. The recommendations focus especially on an environmentally friendly use of drinking water and a more efficient management of service water. Due to water scarcity problems, the municipality was advised to draw up a strategic document "Plan for Drought and Water Scarcity", and a hydrogeological exploration was recommended to the municipality in locations with higher water scarcity.
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Výzkum vhodnosti travních druhů pro podmínky sucha (vodního stresu)
Jerónimo, Paulo António
In a small-plot field experiment carried out in the years 2009 to 2012 in conditions of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands (Fodder Research Station of Vatín, a potato-growing region), effect of drought and influence of multiple mowing on dry fodder production and further on the number of offsets and the plant height was evaluated in six grass species grown in individual planting (spacing of 250 x 250 mm of 20 pieces per 1 m2, three repetitions). In the species of Lolium perenne L, Dactylis glomerata,L., Festuca pratensis L., Festuca arundinacea, Schreb., MRH Festulolium, cv. Felina, or MRH Festuloium, cv. Fojtan and Arrhenatherum elatius L. or Trisetum flavenscens l., the effect of reduced precipitation (reduced to 50% of the normal amount for a vegetation period in the year 2011 and 2012) and the influence of three-moving meadow and five-mowing grazing utilization on the above-stated production and yield-forming elements was evaluated. Selection of suitable varieties was made in relation to their suitability in terms of intensity (method) of the cover utilization. An exception is inclusion of Trisetum flavescens for five-mowing grazing utilization in comparison with the typical meadow species of Arrhenatherum elatius.
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