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Strucutre and disturbance regime of the natural spruce mountain forests in the Fagaras Mts. in Romania
Sýkora, Ondřej ; Svoboda, Miroslav (advisor) ; Janda, Pavel (referee)
There is a large natural disturbance in spruce stands at the present moment in many European countries. Therefore understanding of the long-term natural processes and the impact of disturbances on the structure have a key role in the management of spruce forests. For this purpose, we have studied the structure and the historical regime mountains, which is one of the best preserved forest ecosystems in the Europe. Between 2011 and 2013 years we have founded nearly 50 research spots in the four valleys where we collected data on the structure of the forest. For purposes of reconstruction of disturbances history samples from almost 3 500 individuals of Norway spruce (Picea Abies) were taken. Data were analyzed with dendrochronological methods and descriptive statistics. Partial synchronization of disturbances with the valleys and the subsequent rise in the regeneration was detected, which shows the influence of disturbances evoked by wind and then, probably, by the increasing population of bark beetles. We noticed the importance of the disturbances (weak - strong), which directly influences the structure and creates the mosaic diversity of vegetation. The history of the oldest areas goes back for 400 years, and for the youngest - for 100 years. The volume of the deadwood in the valleys was approximately 135 m3. Overall, on the investigated spots 1380 individuals of regeneration with dominating recovery of Norway spruce (Picea Abies) were recorded, with the proportion of 76 %.
Our results show that the disturbances are partially synchronized with the landscape level and also on the level of each valley, and have a major impact on the structure and dynamic of the forest. Natural disturbances are the main factor affecting the natural regeneration of spruce forests.
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Disturbance history of the primary mountain mixed forests in Temperate Zone (Europe)
Komín, Stanislav ; Janda, Pavel (advisor) ; Bače, Radek (referee)
This paper is about structure and disturbance regime of mountain mixed forests in location Šrámkova dolina, which is in Tatras national park. Except this, thesis also informs about problems which are in mountain mixed forests. Forest dynamic were monitored od 14 permanent plots, which were in the line polygon, every plot takes 1000 m2. Study is based on the structural data of the type, thicknes and age structure and this data were put into dendroecological analys, which shows releases during the growth. Based on results, we can say that most trees strarts their growth in forests gap, and most of trees did not detect release. Šrámkova dolina were formed by gew several wind disturbances, biggest impact had few disturbances between year 1834 and 1845, this event strongly affected regenerations between decades 1845 and 1885. In the Europe temperate zone are mountain forests mostly affected by wind adn bark beatle, but in mixed forests are damage caused by bark beatle smaller. Small canopy destruction caused by small disturbance salso play very important role in forests dynmic here.
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Srovnání plodnosti dubu letního v podmínkách střední a jižní Evropy
Špunar, Jiří
The aim is to conduct a comprehensive literature search to the fertility of Pedunculate oak in Vranovice and Croatia and on the basis of investigation to compare the basic structural features of adult economic floodplain forests with oak summer in the Czech Republic (CZ) and Croatia (HR) as a prerequisite for fertility and subsequent natural recovery. While in the long term prevails CZ clear-cutting method of farming with artificial regeneration of oak is used in HR undergrowth economic way with natural regeneration of oak and other trees. Despite the different natural conditions in both countries was found similar stand stocks ranging 500-700m3.ha-1. While poor Thickness and spatial structure of floodplain forest in the CZ model corresponds forest age classes, approaching the rich structure of multiple laminated cover in more detail the nature HR model selection forest. Nursery oaks in the Czech Republic occur until doubled in a larger number (130-160ks.ha-1), but have a lower average stem volume, shorter crown and almost twice smaller crown projection compared with oaks from HR. This may be one of the main factors identified minor fertility oaks in the Czech Republic.
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