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Water Management Analysis of Reservoir Storage Capacity Due to Climate Change
Šenková, Monika ; Menšík, Pavel (referee) ; Marton, Daniel (advisor)
The aim of this work is a water management solution of the storage volume of the Vlachovice reservoir in the conditions of climate change. Due to the long-term drought and flood period, the Czech Republic decided to build multi-purpose reservoirs. One of them is the multi-purpose water reservoir Vlachovice. The tanks are designed for a certain storage volume, which is calculated from the flow series in a given water profile. Flows on watercourses are conditioned by climatic and geomorphological conditions. Climatic conditions are constantly changing and significantly affect flows. It is difficult to determine the future of water flows. Future flows are generated based on measured values ??and expected climate change using mathematical models. In this work, just these two scenarios of the future of flow series depending on the amount of precipitation and temperature changes are compared.
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Trend výnosů ječmene setého v kontextu vývoje klimatu
Procházková, Andrea
With an agro-meteorological model AVISO (Agro-meteorological Computing and Information System) was computed water reserve in the soil which is utilizable by roots of the plants, for 16 trial stations ÚKZÚZ (Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture) in the vegetation period 1975 -- 2010. Yield series of ÚKZÚZ stations, for spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), were correlated with values of water reserve which were expressed in % of available water holding capacity (% AWHC). Statistically conclusive relation between barley yield and % AWHC of the soil was determined in some stations, but not in an average in production areas. When the monitored period was divided into two stages (1975 -- 1990 and 1995 -- 2010) the decrease of % AWHC was confirmed in all production areas in the second period, except mountain area of production. For area Olomouc was carried out a long term air temperature analysis and precipitation amount in the period 1961 -- 1990 and for scenario periods 2021 -- 2050 and 2071 -- 2100. An evaluation of temperature rate is based on size of a standard deviation from normal and in precipitation rate on division of data file into percentiles. From comparison of periods is evident increase of months with above normal temperatures and of precipitation extreme months -- both under and above normal.
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Water Management Analysis of Reservoir Storage Capacity Due to Climate Change
Šenková, Monika ; Menšík, Pavel (referee) ; Marton, Daniel (advisor)
The aim of this work is a water management solution of the storage volume of the Vlachovice reservoir in the conditions of climate change. Due to the long-term drought and flood period, the Czech Republic decided to build multi-purpose reservoirs. One of them is the multi-purpose water reservoir Vlachovice. The tanks are designed for a certain storage volume, which is calculated from the flow series in a given water profile. Flows on watercourses are conditioned by climatic and geomorphological conditions. Climatic conditions are constantly changing and significantly affect flows. It is difficult to determine the future of water flows. Future flows are generated based on measured values ??and expected climate change using mathematical models. In this work, just these two scenarios of the future of flow series depending on the amount of precipitation and temperature changes are compared.
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Concentration of organic carbon in mountain and submountain watercourses
Špringerová, Pavla ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Havlíková, Petra (referee)
Bachelor thesis in its theoretical part is focused on the literature study of changes in concentrations of organic carbon in surface waters. The important part is finding the causes and consequences of these changes that could have a big impact on the entire global ecosystems. Uniform mechanisms controlling the process of increasing the concentration of organic carbon is not clearly defined yet, and therefore in the prediction of future consequences there exist disagreements. The practical part is devoted to research in experimental basins of the Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology (KFGG) of Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague in the Otava river basin (central part of Šumava and upper basin of Blanice). The research was based on field survey of the area, water sampling and measurements of basic physical-chemical parameters. Samples of water, taken in several campaigns, were then analyzed in laboratory for determination of organic carbon in each sampling profiles. Simultaneously the preparation and processing of other data of KFGG from experimental basins took a place, focusing especially on rainfall-runoff process. This data has been linked to the measured values of organic carbon. Research results show a strong dependence of organic carbon concentration on precipitations...
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Trend výnosů ječmene setého v kontextu vývoje klimatu
Procházková, Andrea
With an agro-meteorological model AVISO (Agro-meteorological Computing and Information System) was computed water reserve in the soil which is utilizable by roots of the plants, for 16 trial stations ÚKZÚZ (Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture) in the vegetation period 1975 -- 2010. Yield series of ÚKZÚZ stations, for spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), were correlated with values of water reserve which were expressed in % of available water holding capacity (% AWHC). Statistically conclusive relation between barley yield and % AWHC of the soil was determined in some stations, but not in an average in production areas. When the monitored period was divided into two stages (1975 -- 1990 and 1995 -- 2010) the decrease of % AWHC was confirmed in all production areas in the second period, except mountain area of production. For area Olomouc was carried out a long term air temperature analysis and precipitation amount in the period 1961 -- 1990 and for scenario periods 2021 -- 2050 and 2071 -- 2100. An evaluation of temperature rate is based on size of a standard deviation from normal and in precipitation rate on division of data file into percentiles. From comparison of periods is evident increase of months with above normal temperatures and of precipitation extreme months -- both under and above normal.
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Comparison of selected methods of calculating baseflow in a small basin and evaluate influnence of baseflow to concentrations of phosphorus in total runoff.
ŠVARCOVÁ, Eliška
This thesis is focused on the methods of separation of baseflow and comparing of these metods. It is analyzing concentrations of total phosphorus in the total runoff and influence of baseflow to concentrations of phosphorus in total runoff. The studied area is subcatchment P52 in the catchment Kopaninský flow. Subcatchments P52 is small (64,93 hectares), drained agro-forestry catchment in Českomoravská vrchovina (Czech-Moravian highlands), with a large proportion of forest area (64% forest and 31% of arable land). Studied the period is hydrological period 2009 - 2011. To obtain the necessary results are used daily flow, daily concentrations, daily precipitation of rain gauge station Velký Rybník and monthly precipitation from rain gauge stations of the ČHMŮ (Czech Hydrometeorological Institute) in Humpolec. For the separation of the baseflow and comparison of methods were selected five methods: - method of digital filter according to Chapman (1999), - method UKIH designed by Institute of hydrology (1980), - method RDF proposed by LINE AND Hollick (1979), - method FUKIH proposed by AKOSY AT. AL. (2009) and - method of Kille (1970). All methods are simple to perform and not challenging to input data. When comparing methods, the main problem is that, the results obtained by different methods are very different. Another point of this work is to evaluate the concentrations of total phosphorus in the tatal runoff. Here is analyzed series of daily concentrations of total phosphorus and monthly and annual average concentrations. Low and high concentrations are compared with the values ??of precipitation and clinks are searched between these values. The main problem is that, the concentration of phosphorus are not dependent only on precipitation. The last point is solution of influnence of baseflow to the amount of total phosphorus in the runoff. Here is used the procedure which described BYSTŘICKÝ in its work (2012). There are determined values concentrations typical of baseflow, for direct runoff and total runoff. Groups of values ??are mutually tested and compared. The results show that, the baseflow is negligible contributor of phosphorus to the total runoff, but to achieve more accurate results would be needed to analyse a longer time period (eg 10 years) and compare the results with several different river basins.
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Calculation of the spatial distribution of precipitation by various methods and evaluation of the difference in totals of rainfall in a chosen catchment
VÁVRA, Miroslav
This thesis engages various methods of calculation of the spatial distribution of precipitation and the evaluation of differences in totals of rainfall in a chosen catchment. The aim of this work was to choose suitable methods for the calculation of areal rainfall and subsequently to create those methods. Most methods were developed in the GIS program. The next objective was to explore differences in monthly precipitation from hydrological years 2006 and 2007 calculated in the catchment by chosen methods. Chosen methods for the calculation of the spatial distribution of precipitation in the catchment were: arithmetic mean, Thiessen polygons, isohyetal method and inverse distance weighting method. (IDW). As a suitable catchment was selected the catchment of the Kopaninský stream where relatively dense rainfall measurement network is installed. During the solution of this thesis the area of interest had to be extended by the area between the used rain gauges which was delimited in the GIS program. The reason for an enlargement was a fact that a decomposition of rain gauges in the catchment of the Kopaninský stream did not permit the creation of isohyetal lines in this whole catchment. During the calculation and the comparison of results of individual methods was found that results of used methods were surprisingly nearly the same. It was also stated that not even sufficient dense rain gauges network does not guarantee 100% exactness for calculating the amount of the precipitation in the selected area because of their extraordinary variability.
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Floods in the South Bohemia Region
HRDÝ, Roman
Floods in the South Bohemia Region The first chapter provides general information including the current legislation of the Czech Republic pertinent to crisis management, floods, crisis situation and crisis state definition, and the categorisation of events/disasters, including flood. The important role of urbanism which affects the course and consequences of floods is also discussed. The second part deals with the issue of floods, their origin, classification, floodprotection measures and forecasting as connected with the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute whose functions and procedures are described. The main part presents results of the field survey carried out in the municipalities affected by floods in the South Bohemia. I describe, compare and analyze the last great floods in the years 1997, 2002 and 2006 in the Czech Republic, or the South Bohemia Region. Their intensity, progress, meteorological reasons and damages which they caused are evaluated. I generalize the factors with a direct influence on the extent of damages, including social and economic impact. In conclusion of this part, the danger of floods in the world is also mentioned. In the final part of my thesis, climatologists{\crq} opinions on global warming and the possible causation of this threat with floods are presented. The result is the confirmation or invalidation of the working hypothesis which I set for my thesis.
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Solution of soil protection from erosion in model catchment - Malče Budský stream.
RADA, Václav
The aim of this thesis is to assess and evaluate the erosion phenomena at the model catchment of Malče Budský stream. This site is located on the cadastral areas Besednice, Soběnov and Malče. This survey was conducted in aspects of pedology, hydrogeology and climate. Further evaluations were rain amount for the nearest meteorological station, which is located in Soběnov. To evaluate and calculate erosion parameters for a given locality the methods of universal soil loss equation by Wishmeier and Smith and modified universal soil loss equation by Williams and Berndt have been used. The CN method was used for calculations and following evaluation of soil loss. The result of this thesis is designing, generalization and refinement of individual factors in solved area.
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