|
|
Influence of optical elements on the tubular skylights efficiency
Nekvapil, Jan ; Mohelníková, Jitka (referee) ; Škoda, Jan (advisor)
This thesis deals with the measurement of light tubes efficiency in laboratory conditions during lighting by almost direct light rays. It also deals with the measurement of the spectral reflectance of the reflective materials available on the Czech market. The comparison of the efficiency of different light routes and also the determination of the spectral qualities of different reflective materials are the aims of this thesis. The light tubes were measured by means of the cubic integrator. The light source was moved and manoeuvred by means of the automatic goniophotometer. The light source flow was determined by the method of the zonal flows. The data were calculated in the Matlab programme. The evaluation is both in the graphic and in the numeric forms. The result of the thesis is both the comparison of the reflective materials for light tubes qualities, and the evaluation of efficiency of the assigned light routes. The optimal variant can be then selected during designing of the light tubes route according to the results of the measurements.
|
|
|
Mineral nutrients dynamics of hemiparasite Viscum album L. and its host Tilia cordata Mill
Nikitina, Tatiana
The presence of hemiparasitic plants can potentially harm urban trees, which are valuable resources due to their aesthetic and environmental functions. Therefore, this study examines the nutrient dynamics of European mistletoe (Viscum album L. subsp. album) and its host tree small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) during the vegetation season. The concentration of all macronutrients was higher in mistletoe compared to the host tree, except for calcium. Deficiencies in phosphorus and potassium were observed in Tilia leaves during the vegetation season. The concentration of soluble non-structural carbohydrates in Tilia leaves was significantly higher than that of Viscum. Leaf spectral reflectance showed differing outcomes for the two species, with Tilia displaying a quicker senescence rate than Viscum's current-year leaves and slower and prolonged development of current-year Viscum leaves. The study emphasizes the accumulation of macronutrients by mistletoe at the expense of hot tree resources.
|
|
|
Detekce napadení ječmene listovými chorobami pomocí infračerveného termálního zobrazování, zobazovací fluorescence chlorofylu, UV-stínění fluorescence chlorofylu a hyperspekrálního zobrazování
Holzmannová, Kateřina
The aim of the thesis was, in the theoretical part, to summarize basic information about barley, its use and the leaf diseases that occur most often on barley, and also to summarize the basics of imaging methods potentially useful for the detection of diseases on plant leaves, namely chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, chlorophyll fluorescence UV shielding , hyperspectral imaging and infrared thermal imaging. The aim of the work was to evaluate the potential of individual sensor methods from the point of view of their ability to detect the resistance of spring barley genotypes to powdery mildew based on the experiment carried out with the inoculation of spring barley with grass powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). In the practical part, selected sensor methods are compared within the experiment with 6 lines of spring barley (line of the Pallas variety) differing only in the presence of different genes for resistance to powdery mildew. These lines were chosen to represent a wide range of reaction types in response to infection with avirulent powdery mildew pathotypes, as reaction type can be reflected in the response measured using these indirect methods. Based on the correlation analysis performed for individual parameters measured using tested indirect sensor methods with the values of the light-saturated CO2 assimilation rate, it was possible to state that within each group of methods there is a parameter showing a high ability to predict the plant's response and thus resistance to powdery mildew. It is a chlorophyll index, based on the principle of measuring the infrared and red transmittance of the leaf, the difference between the leaf temperature and the air temperature determined using a thermal camera, the fluorescence decrease ratio - vitality index (Rfd), and finally also the ZM spectral index. In addition to the temperature difference, the values of the Pearson correlation coefficient reach the level of 0.74, which means that it is a highly evident relationship, and the adjusted R2 values are above 0.55, which means that the reliability of the prediction is higher than 55%.
|
|
|
Detekce houbových chorob ječmene pomocí zobrazovací fluorescence a termálního zobrazování
Holzmannová, Kateřina
The main goal of this work was to perform a literature review of imaging methods for the detection of spring barley diseases, their advantages and disadvantages and to conduct an experiment on spring barley samples with different levels of fungal disease infection to compare disease detection using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, UV fluorescence imaging and hyperspectral imaging in VNIR and NIR spectral ranges. The originally planned measurements on more diseases were performed due to governmental travel restrictions related to the coronavirus pandemic only for Pyrenophora teres barley infection. The achieved results show that all three methods have the potential for use in the field of early and non-invasive detection of P. teres infection, either for the purpose of aerial monitoring or in the phenotyping of resistance to P. teres. The best correlation to leaf infection was achieved with the parameter actual quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII). This parameter shows a high linearity of relationship to P. teres infection, which gives the assumption of reliable detection in the whole infection range. With regard to the need for measurements from the proximity and also due to possible effect of changes in the intensity of solar radiation, this is rather a parameter applicable for plant phenotyping than for the monitoring of large areas. Very good results in the detection of P. teres infestation were also obtained using the UV fluorescence screening index. UV fluorescence screening also shows a very close relationship to the level of P. teres infection, but of a non-linear nature, where the UV fluorescence shielding index increases sharply with under a low level of infection and is less affected at higher level of infection. This means a higher sensitivity of the method to a small level of infection and may therefore have an advantage especially in the early detection of infection. The UV screening index also have considerable potential for the analysis of the disease spatial distribution at the leaf level, where UV shielding increases in areas around the infestation site but decreases significantly at the infestation site itself. In contrast, hyperspectral reflectance represents considerable potential for monitoring of large areas, because it can be evaluated not only from proximity but also from a drones, aircrafts or satellites. The highest correlation and linearity of relationship between P. teres infection was achieved for the index integrating the wider reflectance range 650-725 nm ANMB650-725. However, good results of estimating the level of infection were also achieved with simple vegetation indices such as NDVI and EVI. For the early detection of P. teres infection, the ARI index based on the anthocyanin absorption band, showing a sharp change in low infection level, seems to be the most suitable. This index also shows very good results of evaluating the spatial distribution of P.teres infection on the leaf, with ARI rising at the site of infection. The best results of the evaluating the spatial distribution of infection was demonstrated by the simple ratio of reflectances in the red and green band (RGR), which, however, shows less close relationship to the total P. teres on the whole leaf. Overall, it can be stated that all three methods have the potential to be used for monitoring of P. teres infection and for phenotyping of resistance to P. teres. For the selection of method, rather the key technical requirements e.g. if the total leaf infection is measured or the distribution of the leaf infection is evaluated, from what distance the measurement can be performed and what is the range of measured areas, and also whether it is necessary to detect low level of infection with high sensitivity at the onset of infection or it is more important to ensure a reliable estimate of the infection in the whole range.
|
|
|
Monitoring land cover changes using satellite high temporal resolution data
Indrová, Magdalena ; Štych, Přemysl (advisor) ; Lysák, Jakub (referee)
The objective of this work is to create a base of spectral characteristics of the monitored vegetation types and to create a classification of the land cover. In this work MERIS images obtained by KAGIK were used. Ten different categories of land cover were selected for the study. The spectral behaviour of all categories for the period April - November 2009 was determined. The spectral response of some defined categories (coniferous forests, developed areas) was stable during the year. Contrary to that, significant changes in the spectral response of agricultural crops were observed. The best results were obtained in the categories Forests and Oilseed rape. Finally, the method of Spectral Unmixing was also tested. This method is used when some pixels contain several cover types. Using this method the best result was also obtained in the category Forests. It is evident that the MERIS images can be used for monitoring land cover changes, but because of the coarse resolution only large and homogeneous areas can be studied.
|
|
|
Analysis of primary photosynthetic processes in conifers: A comparison of selected methods and their possible utilisation for the study of genetic variability
Palovská, Markéta ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Albrechtová, Jana (referee)
Conifers are important both ecologically and socioeconomically, however, same parts of their biology are not that well researched. This includes genetics and breeding and partly even physiology. Because quantitative genetic analyzes applied in breeding necessitate an analysis of a large number of samples, and conventional methods of analysis are quite time-consuming, certain parameters describing e.g. the activity of photosynthetic electron-transport chain (ETC) are considered for such use. Several methods of the measurement of the activity of photosynthetic ETC exist, but there are some problems with their usage in conifers. I studied this issue from different points of view in three parts of this thesis. 1) I compared the photosynthetic ETC activity in 8 species of conifers using chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence measurements on intact needles and polarographic measurements in isolated chloroplasts. Each method brought different information. 2) I measured Chl fluorescence parameters, reflectance spectra and pigment content in 536 genetically defined trees of Pinus sylvestris L. Many parameters showed relatively high genetic variability and heritability. I have also determined the suitability of various reflectance indices to estimate pigment and water content of needles. 3) I have optimized the...
|
|
|
Influence of optical elements on the tubular skylights efficiency
Nekvapil, Jan ; Mohelníková, Jitka (referee) ; Škoda, Jan (advisor)
This thesis deals with the measurement of light tubes efficiency in laboratory conditions during lighting by almost direct light rays. It also deals with the measurement of the spectral reflectance of the reflective materials available on the Czech market. The comparison of the efficiency of different light routes and also the determination of the spectral qualities of different reflective materials are the aims of this thesis. The light tubes were measured by means of the cubic integrator. The light source was moved and manoeuvred by means of the automatic goniophotometer. The light source flow was determined by the method of the zonal flows. The data were calculated in the Matlab programme. The evaluation is both in the graphic and in the numeric forms. The result of the thesis is both the comparison of the reflective materials for light tubes qualities, and the evaluation of efficiency of the assigned light routes. The optimal variant can be then selected during designing of the light tubes route according to the results of the measurements.
|
|
|
Monitoring land cover changes using satellite high temporal resolution data
Indrová, Magdalena ; Lysák, Jakub (referee) ; Štych, Přemysl (advisor)
The objective of this work is to create a base of spectral characteristics of the monitored vegetation types and to create a classification of the land cover. In this work MERIS images obtained by KAGIK were used. Ten different categories of land cover were selected for the study. The spectral behaviour of all categories for the period April - November 2009 was determined. The spectral response of some defined categories (coniferous forests, developed areas) was stable during the year. Contrary to that, significant changes in the spectral response of agricultural crops were observed. The best results were obtained in the categories Forests and Oilseed rape. Finally, the method of Spectral Unmixing was also tested. This method is used when some pixels contain several cover types. Using this method the best result was also obtained in the category Forests. It is evident that the MERIS images can be used for monitoring land cover changes, but because of the coarse resolution only large and homogeneous areas can be studied.
|
|
|
High temporal satellite data assimilation for vegetation spectral characteristic assignment
Malíková, Lucie ; Langhammer, Jakub (referee) ; Štych, Přemysl (advisor)
The application of high temporal satellite image data for designation of the spectral characteristic of vegetation Abstract The objektive of this paper is to evaluate possibilities of high temporal satellite data assimilation for continuous monitoring of the spectral characteristic of vegetation. There is also given the suggestion of metodology for processing MERIS data and for continuous monitoring of spectral characteristic of landscape objects. Finally, vegetation cover database for the Czech Republic in the year 2009 is created from sectorial analysis. In the paper there is used the LSU classification and thresholding of vegetation indicies histograms. The universal decision algorithm for classification of vegetation landscape component are described and particular thresholding values for the year 2009 given. The finally product of this paper is Czech vegetation cover database for the year 2009 with overall accuracy of 63,35 %. Accuracy for forest is even over 80 %. Keywords: remote sensing, MERIS, vegetation, spectral reflectance, LSU, BEAM
|
|
|
Analysis of primary photosynthetic processes in conifers: A comparison of selected methods and their possible utilisation for the study of genetic variability
Palovská, Markéta ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Albrechtová, Jana (referee)
Conifers are important both ecologically and socioeconomically, however, same parts of their biology are not that well researched. This includes genetics and breeding and partly even physiology. Because quantitative genetic analyzes applied in breeding necessitate an analysis of a large number of samples, and conventional methods of analysis are quite time-consuming, certain parameters describing e.g. the activity of photosynthetic electron-transport chain (ETC) are considered for such use. Several methods of the measurement of the activity of photosynthetic ETC exist, but there are some problems with their usage in conifers. I studied this issue from different points of view in three parts of this thesis. 1) I compared the photosynthetic ETC activity in 8 species of conifers using chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence measurements on intact needles and polarographic measurements in isolated chloroplasts. Each method brought different information. 2) I measured Chl fluorescence parameters, reflectance spectra and pigment content in 536 genetically defined trees of Pinus sylvestris L. Many parameters showed relatively high genetic variability and heritability. I have also determined the suitability of various reflectance indices to estimate pigment and water content of needles. 3) I have optimized the...
|
guest ::
